https://www.mediapart.fjournal/culture-idees/280920/le-modele-amish-vaut-il-mieux-que-le-modele-start?page_article=2
Quel rapport à la technique entretiennent Emmanuel Macron et les écologistes ? Selon l’historien François Jarrige, l’offensive en cours sur la 5G atteste la résurgence de l’idée de progrès, ainsi que l’incapacité d’inventer des rapports sociaux moins destructeurs de notre environnement.
Un moratoire et un débat. Voilà ce qu’ont réclamé une soixantaine d’élus, dont de nouveaux maires écologistes, à propos du déploiement de la 5G, cette technologie permettant d’augmenter le débit de données sur la téléphonie mobile. Emmanuel Macron a clos la discussion en les taxant d’« Amish ».
Quelles conceptions de la technique se font donc face dans cette controverse ? Si le président de la République semble rejoindre les intérêts économiques les plus puissants et les visions les plus naïves du progrès, la remise en cause du progrès à tout prix est-elle récupérable par des mouvements conservateurs ?
📷 François Jarrige. © DR Nous abordons ces questions avec l’historien François Jarrige, maître de conférences en histoire contemporaine à l’université de Bourgogne et spécialiste des « technocritiques ». Son œuvre a contribué à « défataliser » l’histoire des choix techniques opérés par nos sociétés depuis l’ère industrielle, notamment en matière énergétique.
Avec malice, il conteste la supériorité naturelle du « modèle start-up » sur le « modèle amish ». Il décrit surtout la relance d’une promesse de progrès par la technique à partir du secteur du numérique. Face à cette offensive modernisatrice, l’écologie politique est prise dans une tension entre la fidélité à ses inspirations originelles et les exigences de la compétition électorale.
À propos de la 5G, le président de la République a choisi de réduire le débat à un conflit entre partisans du progrès et adeptes de la « lampe à huile » et du « modèle amish ». Comment comprenez-vous cette sortie de la part de quelqu’un qui se targue aussi de défendre l’environnement sur la scène internationale ?
François Jarrige : Cette petite phrase est à la fois anecdotique et révélatrice d’enjeux fondamentaux. Il y a trois manières complémentaires de la lire. Premièrement, il s’agit d’une phrase provocatrice, destinée à disqualifier des opposants politiques qui ont le vent en poupe. C’est l’aspect politicien de l’affaire, qui est aussi le moins intéressant.
Deuxièmement, cette phrase sert une rhétorique de la modernité dont Emmanuel Macron se veut le champion. Il ne la prononce pas devant n’importe qui mais devant un public qu’il courtise et dont il emprunte le langage, au moins depuis qu’il a été ministre de l’économie. On parle ici de grandes figures des start-up, de plus ou moins jeunes industriels du numérique, totalement technophiles, imprégnés d’une version très naïve de l’idée de progrès. Des années de philosophie des sciences ont beau aller à rebours de cette conception, cela n’empêche pas Macron de l’embrasser tant il veut apparaître comme le chef de la « tech française ». En plus de ses intérêts politiques, le président défend aussi ses intérêts sociaux.
Troisièmement, et encore plus profondément, cette phrase illustre à quel point nous assistons à une relance modernisatrice de l’idée de progrès autour des technologies du numérique. On retrouve, comme lors du XIXe siècle industriel, une identification du progrès au progrès des techniques, qui apparaissent comme une condition pour se projeter dans l’avenir. Et derrière cette idée du progrès, qui a toujours été en lutte permanente avec d’autres conceptions, il y a bien sûr des intérêts économiques très puissants. Loin de la mort de l’idée de progrès, on assiste à sa résurgence continue. Outre la 5G, ont ainsi été faites d’autres annonces concernant les smart cities, la filière hydrogène, etc.
Quels sont les intérêts et les croyances qui nourrissent cette résurgence ?
Cette fuite en avant me fait penser à ce que Evgeny Morozov a appelé le « solutionnisme technologique ». Nos problèmes collectifs sont censés être résolus par un recours croissant à l’innovation technique. En fait, ce recours révèle surtout que nous sommes incapables d’inventer d’autres rapports sociaux moins destructeurs du monde et de l’humanité.
Les responsables politiques sont très tentés d’adopter ce solutionnisme technologique, car ils donnent ainsi l’impression qu’ils peuvent agir sur le réel, alors que les crises que nous connaissons sont beaucoup plus systémiques et complexes à gérer. Cela tue le débat, que l’on devrait pourtant avoir sur nos choix techniques. Car évidemment que nous vivons et que nous avons besoin d’outils et d’équipements ! Il reste que le type de technique qu’on retient a des conséquences majeures. Il implique un type d’organisation sociale et politique, ainsi qu’un type de rapport à l’environnement, dont les incidences sont variables.
À cet égard, j’aurais presque envie de réévaluer le fameux « modèle amish » fustigé par le président de la République. De qui parle-t-on ? D’un groupe religieux persécuté en Europe, qui a développé des communautés rurales autarciques aux États-Unis. Ils ne sont pas contre la technique en général (en tout cas, ils sont certainement moins consommateurs passifs de la technique que vous et moi), mais pensent que les choix techniques doivent être subordonnés à des fins supérieures. En l’occurrence, il s’agit pour eux d’une conception de Dieu, de la tradition, de la préservation de leur identité… Mais on peut appliquer ce modèle en se fixant plutôt comme fins sociales l’égalité sociale et la préservation d’un monde vivant pas totalement détruit.
Débarrassé de ses scories théologico-politiques, le modèle amish vaut sans doute mieux que le modèle start-up, dans lequel le choix technique n’est encadré que par le marché.
Le confinement témoignait du fait que la prise en compte du risque faisait partie de l’horizon des gouvernants, quitte à assumer un coût économique considérable. Mais dès qu’il s’agit des innovations techniques telles que la 5G, ce raisonnement semble s’évanouir. Pourquoi ?
Parce que les risques ne sont pas de même nature. C’est vrai que l’on vit dans une société de l’hypersécurité sanitaire. Et avec le Covid, l’arbitrage est apparu assez simple : il s’agissait d’éviter des morts, ou d’assumer les conséquences de ne rien faire. Le politique a pris ses responsabilités, même s’il faut rappeler que durant cet épisode, les grands acteurs économiques mondiaux s’en sont bien sortis, et que les plus grandes victimes vont être les salariés, les plus précaires et les jeunes entrant sur le marché du travail.
En comparaison, les controverses techniques sont toujours plus complexes. Il est plus difficile d’emporter la conviction de la masse en invoquant des risques potentiels, que dans le cas d’une pandémie documentée par les médecins et les biologistes. Dans ce match déséquilibré, ceux qui imposent leur point de vue sont généralement les plus puissants, ceux qui ont le plus de ressources financières et médiatiques. Dans le cas de la 5G, on voit des choses bien connues : des conflits d’intérêts, une alliance entre un champ scientifique proche des milieux industriels et des acteurs économiques qui veulent des parts de marché, ainsi que des élus qui veulent montrer qu’ils peuvent agir.
📷 © La Découverte Quelles sont les singularités de la controverse de la 5G en comparaison à d’autres moments de remise en cause des choix techniques imposés à la société ?
On observe d’abord beaucoup de points communs avec toutes les fois où une grande infrastructure technique a été présentée comme réponse aux crises du moment.
Depuis la construction des grands réseaux de chemins de fer en passant par les autoroutes et le TGV, on repère les mêmes motifs argumentatifs : l’invocation du prestige national, l’identification de l’innovation au mieux-être, et la tyrannie du retard (il faudrait maintenir notre position vis-à-vis des autres puissances). Et systématiquement, ces grandes infrastructures sont promues par des acteurs économiques très puissants, avec des responsables politiques à la remorque.
Ce qu’il y a de singulier, c’est que depuis dix ou quinze ans, on voyait s’exprimer une nouvelle prudence, des doutes et des interrogations concernant la consommation numérique. Or, c’est justement sur ce terrain qu’un discours de relance technique est apparu. Depuis la sortie du confinement en particulier, on le voit s’exprimer sur un mode très offensif, comme dans une sorte de « stratégie du choc ».
Ne soyons cependant pas dupes : les solutions censées régler les problèmes finissent par en créer de nouveaux, et l’effet rebond annule souvent les gains énergétiques par un recours plus abondant aux technologies censées faire diminuer notre consommation. Rappelons que dans les années 1970, l’automobile a été fortement remise en question. Les industriels ont annoncé que grâce à l’innovation technique, il n’y aurait plus de pollution automobile au début du XXIe siècle. Évidemment, celle-ci a explosé depuis 30 ans.

Il n’y aura pas de démocratie technique sans transformations plus profondes

Les responsables politiques, expliquez-vous, ont de fortes incitations à adopter le « solutionnisme technologique ». Avez-vous été surpris que des maires écologistes, qui sont sous pression de milieux économiques imprégnés de cette vision du monde, s’engagent aussi clairement dans la fronde contre la 5G ?
Un peu, car c’est complexe et risqué politiquement de s’opposer aux offensives industrielles que nous venons d’évoquer. Dans la mesure où il s’agit d’élus loin d’être des radicaux, difficiles à caricaturer en extrémistes technophobes, cela témoigne du poids des préoccupations qui parcourent la société.
Il est d’ailleurs intéressant d’observer la nature des réactions à leur position somme toute modérée et prudente. Ils ne font qu’appeler à une règle de précaution, en posant une question saine : y a-t-il urgence à transformer si rapidement les infrastructures du numérique ? Cela suffit à ce qu’ils soient renvoyés du côté des Amish parce que leur intervention contrarie la tentative des grands industriels d’absorber la question écologique avec de nouvelles promesses, quand bien même ils figurent déjà parmi les principaux responsables du dérèglement climatique.
Sur le long terme, au-delà de la controverse sur la 5G, comment décrire les liens entre l’écologie politique et les mouvements technocritiques ?
Il faut d’abord rappeler que la technocritique, qui consiste tout simplement à faire de la technique un enjeu de débat plutôt qu’une fatalité, peut se trouver sur l’ensemble du spectre politique. C’est vrai aussi qu’elle est intimement liée à l’émergence de l’écologie politique, c’est-à-dire le moment où l’écologie passe d’un discours scientifique sur les équilibres du système Terre à un discours politique sur les rapports sociaux.
Dans les années 1970, avec l’apparition de partis, d’associations et d’ONG qui s’inscrivent dans cette ligne, la question technique est fondamentale, en particulier concernant le nucléaire. Les maires écologistes actuels qui alertent sur la 5G sont aussi des héritiers de cette histoire. Ils reproduisent la tentative de politiser la question de la technique, qui a été dépolitisée depuis un bon siècle puisqu’elle était censée être neutre et relever de la connaissance de spécialistes.
Le problème, c’est que cette question fondamentale pour les écologistes constitue également un des principaux points de blocage à l’égard du reste de la société. Lorsque vous attaquez les grandes promesses de salut par la technique, vous vous en prenez au renouvellement incessant des marchandises, à l’imaginaire et aux intérêts très puissants de la production. Cela peut se révéler impopulaire et vous exposer à l’accusation d’irresponsabilité.
Comment les écologistes ont-ils géré cette tension ?
Au fur et à mesure de leur institutionnalisation, les écologistes ont alterné entre, d’un côté, une fidélité à leur conscience politique profonde, à l’héritage d’une pensée assez radicale sur la technique, et de l’autre, les nécessités de s’inscrire dans le paysage politique et médiatique. Depuis quarante ans, une négociation permanente entre ces deux positions a lieu, qui n’est pas pour rien dans leurs divisions récurrentes.
Schématiquement, les puristes s’opposent à ceux qui adaptent leur rhétorique aux contraintes de la compétition électorale pour mieux se faire accepter. Il y a évidemment un dégradé de positions liées à cette adaptation, jusqu’à un Yannick Jadot appelant à défendre les champions industriels européens de cette technologie. Mais d’une certaine façon, les « vrais » écologistes, au sens de ceux qui cherchent à penser des formes de vie différentes, ont déserté le paysage politique national.
Ce qui ajoute à la confusion, c’est que désormais, tout le monde se réclame de l’écologie, y compris les adeptes du solutionnisme technologique. Ceux qui étaient en fait d’anciens opposants à l’écologie se repeignent désormais en ses partisans les plus « pragmatiques », renvoyant l’écologie classique du côté de la barbarie. Certains arguments en faveur de la 5G sont tout à fait dans cette veine, en invoquant des gains énergétiques pour justifier la multiplication d’objets fabriqués de façon industrielle.
📷 Jacques Ellul (1912-1994). © DR Sans parler de barbarie, n’y a-t-il pas des potentialités réactionnaires dans la critique de la technique ? Certains intellectuels, regardant d’un œil méfiant l’influence d’un penseur comme Jacques Ellul chez certains écologistes contemporains, soulignent le risque d’une remise en cause de la modernité tout entière, ou de négliger la critique du mode de production capitaliste dans lequel s’insère la technique.
Je sais que la figure d’Ellul est sans cesse utilisée pour formuler ces critiques. Mais franchement, il ne mérite pas l’anathème et les caricatures faites à son propos. Oui, il a pu prendre des positions conservatrices en raison de sa position de théologien protestant. Pour autant, il est faux de dire qu’il critique « la technique » en général dans son œuvre : il a lui-même écrit que ce serait enfantin. Ce qu’il met en cause, c’est surtout « le sacré transféré à la technique », c’est-à-dire le geste consistant à en faire le moteur de tous les changements sociaux et politiques.
En critiquant le « bluff technologique », il ne sépare pas la technique des rapports de domination. Simplement, dans le contexte des années 1950 et 1960, il souligne à quel point les systèmes capitaliste et soviétique sont tous deux caractérisés par une fascination pour le gigantisme productiviste et technique. Il révèle une identité profonde de ces deux modèles, ce qui lui vaut les foudres des libéraux comme des communistes.
À cette époque, le débat sur les machines s’était déjà refermé depuis longtemps sur l’usage fait de ces machines. Il y a ceux qui font confiance au marché, ceux qui veulent en socialiser la propriété, ceux qui disent que la représentation de tous les intérêts en présence règlera les conflits… Mais la neutralité des techniques est une illusion, elles méritent donc un débat plus profond sur leur pertinence intrinsèque. Ce n’est pas parce que c’est nouveau, plus efficace ou plus puissant que c’est mieux.
Sans doute, mais on peut comprendre les craintes de voir des technocritiques être instrumentalisées par des conservateurs cherchant à « naturaliser » des rôles sociaux et reproduire des hiérarchies sociales. Quels critères se donner pour éviter de telles récupérations ?
C’est vrai que la critique de la technique peut nourrir des fantasmes de restauration d’un ordre ancien, avec ses limites rassurantes (du moins pour ceux qui n’en souffraient pas trop). Ceci dit, je n’observe pas de mouvement conservateur et technocritique qui soit massif. C’est vrai aussi qu’il y a toujours eu des critiques de la technique venues de la droite, mais d’autres généalogies existent à gauche, comme l’a montré Serge Audier dans La Société écologique et ses ennemis (voir notre entretien vidéo).
Il n’y a donc aucune fatalité à ce que tous les pans de la modernité soient emportés par la critique de certains de ses aspects les plus destructeurs de notre monde. On peut faire le tri entre des limites de droite et des limites de gauche à la marche du « progrès » : les premières sont excluantes et discriminantes, tandis que les secondes font disparaître des aliénations, favorisent l’égalité des conditions.
Sur quelles conditions et principes devrait reposer une authentique démocratie technique ?
En tant qu’historien, je rappellerai d’abord que jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, alors que nous ne pouvions pas parler de sociétés démocratiques, les choix technologiques étaient davantage partagés et adaptés aux besoins locaux qu’aujourd’hui. L’idée même de technique, ou en tout cas de progrès technique, n’existait pas, elle était renvoyée à un savoir-faire, y compris en dehors du champ de la production.
C’est par la suite, parallèlement à l’industrialisation et à l’extraction croissante de ressources fossiles, que la technique est devenue l’objet d’une expertise, d’une compétence exclusive. Dans ce contexte, l’idée même de démocratie technique n’avait pas de sens car les techniques étaient censées être neutres et maîtrisables uniquement par la science. Cela a changé dans les années 1970 avec l’émergence de la problématique du risque, et le militantisme dont nous avons parlé, notamment s’agissant du nucléaire. Divers dispositifs ont été proposés par les États pour éclairer les élus et mieux prendre en compte la population.
Cependant, il est clair que quelques réformes institutionnelles, même beaucoup plus ambitieuses, ne suffiront pas. C’est l’ensemble des conditions de production et de diffusion des techniques qu’il faudrait changer. Cela s’avère beaucoup plus difficile qu’il y a deux siècles, tant les inégalités se sont creusées entre les usagers des techniques et ceux qui les fabriquent et les diffusent. Les décisions se prennent aujourd’hui à des échelles telles que les conférences-débats, ou même les controverses médiatiques, apparaissent dérisoires.
Le discours de Macron sur la lampe à huile, et sa façon de refermer le débat tout en prétendant qu’il aura lieu, est très révélateur. On nous serine que la pluralité des avis sera prise en compte, mais c’est du vent. Et pour cause : au-delà de la technique en tant que telle, la réponse aux crises de nos sociétés exige de transformer nos conditions de production, les règles du commerce international, notre rapport au monde vivant… Vouloir commencer par la démocratie technique, ou l’isoler de toutes ces dimensions, n’aurait pas de sens.

ORIGINAL POST
Preview:
"Swiss political system may be best known for its extensive use of referenda. However, others may argue that its most striking feature is the ability to avoid political polarization. In this respect it may be unique among the western nations.
That being said, it is hard to learn much about how it works. First, a big part of the system is informal and thus only discoverable by observing it personally or by asking the locals. Second, it's strongly decentralized. Different rules apply in different cantons and municipalities which makes the topic confusing to study. Third, Swiss aren't especially interested in promoting their own system abroad. A lot of the resources therefore exist only in local languages.
In this article I'll try to put together what I've learned by living in the country, speaking to local people, following local press and studying the resources.
Still, a disclaimer is due: I am not Swiss. I have lived here only for five years. Neither am I a political scientists or a sociologist. If you are Swiss, or simply know better than me, let me know about any inaccuracies in the article.
On the more technical side of things: There's a lot of material to cover, and the result may be rather overwhelming. It would be a small book rather than a long article. Therefore, I am going to split this essay into three or four installments which I will publish one at a time.

Semi-direct Democracy

When modern Switzerland was established in 1848, it was a pretty standard representative democracy, mostly based on the American model.
It's a federal state. Federal elections are held every four years. People are represented by political parties. There are two chambers of the parliament. Parliament elects members of the government, who then together run the country. The thriving ecosystem of various voluntary associations resembles the America that Alexis de Toqueville has written about.
However, Switzerland is special in that various elements of direct democracy were introduced in the course of history.
There are obligatory referenda: Any change in constitution, adjustment of taxes or joining any international organization must be approved by the people and the cantons. There are legislative referenda: Any law enacted by the parliament may be challenged and rejected in a referendum. Finally, there are so called "popular initiatives" which can propose a referendum on any topic. If the initiative manages to collect specified amount of signatures within specified amount of time the referendum is organized and the initiative may eventually get enacted. All of these referenda exist not only on the federal, but also on the cantonal and the municipal level. All of them are binding and neither of them needs a quorum.
To understand the scope of the thing, consider that a 37-year-old from the city of Zurich who turned 18 in year 2000, has, in past 20 years, had the opportunity to take part in 548 referenda, 181 of them being on the federal, 176 on the cantonal and 191 on the municipal level. With the average turnout of 45% it means that they have voted in approximately 246 referenda.
Due to their large number, individual referenda are not organized separately. Instead, they are voted on in batches, typically four times a year.
To get a flavor of how it feels like, here's the batch from the city of Zurich in February 2020:

• popular Initiative "Affordable Housing": A sensitive issue especially in big cities like Zurich or Geneva, where rents are some of the most expensive in the world. The initiative proposes to build at least 10% of affordable, non-profit or cooperative flats, as well as a pre-emptive right for cantons and municipalities to buy land. It also proposes that infrastructure upgrades should be done without reducing the number of available flats. The referendum is held at the federal level. 46.5% in favor. Rejected.
• Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation: Switzerland has previously prohibited discrimination on grounds of race, religion, age or political affiliation. This proposal adds sexual orientation to the list. Federal referendum. 63.52% of in favor. Enacted.
• Law on passenger transport in taxis and limousines: A law that introduces the same rules for Uber and similar services and for the traditional taxi services. At the same time, it moves the enforcement of these rules from municipalities to the canton. The law was issued by the government of the canton of Zurich and challenged by a public initiative. (Not the least argument being that the law gives too much power to the canton at the expense of the municipalities.) Cantonal referendum. 52.84% of in favor. Approved.
• Rosengarten tunnel and tram project: A plan by the canton to put 1.1 billion francs into rebuilding the busiest street in Zurich and moving the traffic underground. The plan was challenged by a public initiative. Cantonal referendum. 36.32% of in favor. Rejected.
• People 's initiative "Reduce the tax burden for lower and middle income people": An attempt to reduce income inequality. The proposal adjusts the cantonal taxes by raising the threshold for non-taxable income, as well as by increasing the tax burden in the highest income brackets. Cantonal referendum. 42.04% in favor. Rejected.
• popular Initiative "Lower Taxes for Everyone": A proposal to reduce cantonal taxes for the highest income groups. The aim is to prevent the relocation of the wealthy people to tax havens such as the cantons of Zug or Schwyz. Cantonal referendum. 29.63% in favor. Rejected.
• Partial replacement of the tram depot in Hard district by new communal flats. The city proposes to take a loan of 203 million francs. Municipal referendum. 70.9% in favor. Adopted.

The canton publishes a handbook for each ballot, which explains, in quite a lot of detail, including graphs, maps and tables, what each referendum is about. Take the Rosengarten tunnel project. The guide devotes eight pages to explain the project, including topics such as the impact on the traffic situation in the canton, the impact on the environment, or a detailed explanation of the financing of the project. It states that both the cantonal government and parliament recommend voting in favor of the proposal. It is followed by the opinion of the minority in the cantonal parliament, arguing that the costs are too high, that the financial contribution from the federal government is uncertain, and that the project doesn't really address the existing problem. They recommend to vote against. The next page contains the opinion of the parliament of the city of Zurich. They argue, in rather strong terms, against the project. Finally, there's the opinion of the referendum commission, which is, as one would expect, against the tunnel.
If even the election guide is not enough, you can have a look at the websites advocating for the yes and no vote, respectively. While the website against is relatively minimalist, the in favor side has a long list of supporters. In addition to almost all political parties, there's a long list of supportive associations: The Automobile Club, the Association for the Promotion of Public Transport, the Employers' Association, the Association of Construction Companies of Canton Schaffhausen, the Association of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, the Property Owners' Association, Swiss Travel Club, Zurich Chamber of Commerce and the like. Many of these organizations have also published their own assessment of the project.
As can be seen, the voters aren't exposed to a simple, black and white choice. Instead, they are drawn into a complex network of different preferences: Your party is in favor, but the deputies of your municipality are against. You are a member of the automobile club and the club is in favor. But your neighbors are against. Voting necessarily means understanding that things are never clear-cut.

Mandatory Referenda

Any change to the constitution must be approved by the voters in a referendum. There's no way around it. If you want to change the constitution, you need the majority of voters and the majority of cantons to vote for it. Period. (To clarify: Canton is considered to be in favor if the majority of voters in the canton are in favor.)
While this may seem as a reasonable rule on its own, it is in fact an important piece that complements the overall system. The results of popular initiatives are, for example, written into the constitution, meaning that they can't be overturned, except by a different referendum. (On the other hand, it gives the Swiss Constitution a rather special character. It begins with the thundering: "In the name of Almighty God! We, the Swiss people and cantons, mindful of our responsibility to the Creation" etc., but then it ends with guidelines for the protection of swamps and rules for building holiday homes.)
Similarly, Switzerland has no constitutional court. The right to interpret the constitution is granted only to the people. They may do so by running a referendum that makes the wording of the constitution more clear.
In short, the system is crafted in such a way that there are no loopholes. No way to disrespect the popular opinion.
In addition to the changes in constitution, referendum is also required to to join international organizations. This way, Switzerland decided not to enter the European Economic Area in 1992, to join Schengen area in 2005, not to join UN in 1986 and, again, to join UN in 2002. (And yes: Palace of Nations, the headquarters of UN, is located in Geneva and was located there for a long time even before Switzerland has become a member.)

Legislative Referenda

Legislative referenda get the least publicity but they may be the most important of all. Unlike constitutional referenda and public initiatives that tend to focus on big topics the legislative referendum can challenge and reject any law, no matter how trivial, passed by the parliament.
This keeps the parliament and the government in check on day-to-day basis. To quote Wikipedia:

The possibility for the citizens to challenge any law influences the whole political system. It encourages parties to form coalition governments, to minimize the risk that an important party tries to block the action of the government by systematically launching referendums. It gives legitimacy to political decisions. It forces the authorities to listen to all sectors of the population, to minimize the risk that they reject new laws in referendums. Before presenting a new bill to the parliament, the federal government usually makes a wide consultation to ensure that no significant group is frontally opposed to it, and willing to launch a referendum.

In short, legislative referenda are probably the single most important force that driving Switzerland away from the political polarization and towards the rule by consensus."
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The full article breaks the word limit. Just click that blue link why don't you?

Hi All,
Like many other investors, I rapidly became overwhelmed with the uncertainty in the future. Consequently I decided to focus in on what we know now with high probability. Essentially this is assuming all fiscal / monetary policies as currently enacted and consensus estimates on COVID-19 mitigation (i.e. gradual resumption of normal commerce after mid to late Q2). See more detailed assumptions later.
 
Some facts going into the analysis:

• 2019 saw a ~30% gain in the S&P 500, however corporate earnings were nearly flat. Consequently, the 30% rise in the S&P 500 was due almost entirely to increases in valuation, i.e. stock investors paying more for future earnings
• The OECD had projected in September 2019 3.0% Global GDP growth and 2.0% for the US. This was already a deceleration of global growth from 3.6% worldwide in 2018 and 2.9% in the US.
• US Manufacturing, according to the ISM and IHS Markit surveys, weakened through most of 2019 (although showed a slight rebound near the end of year)
• US Business investment also declined through much of 2019, potentially due to the "trade war" between the China & the US
• US Consumer spending remained robust throughout 2019, although also appeared to decelerate near the end of 2019 / early 2020.
• US households had modestly de-leveraged as a % of GDP since 2008, and the debt servicing costs (due to lower interest rates) were at historic lows at the end of 2019. It’s worth noting the changing composition of household debt, with strong increases in student loan and auto debt while mortgage debt decreased. Housing debt peaked at ~$10 trillion in 2008, compared to slightly less than ~$10 trillion at the end of 2019. However, non-housing debt peaked at ~$2.7 trillion in 2008, while by 2019 non-housing debt stood at $4.2 trillion
• US Corporate debt stood at record levels as compared to GDP: ~75%. This debt had also deteriorated in ratings with the largest percentage in history rated as slightly above junk (BBB)
• The US deficit for fiscal year 2019 was estimated at ~$1 trillion pre-COVID
• The bulk of net inflows from 2016-2019 into US equities have been driven by stock buybacks. Since 2009, companies have spent ~$5 trillion in share buybacks

 
In short, my analysis is that the US economy entered 2020 with modest to low growth prospects. While consumer spending and household debt servicing costs remained bright spots, modest wage gains coupled with high housing, education, and healthcare costs presented a mixed picture. Both business investment and manufacturing activity were subdued, although hopes for a "Phase 1" trade war seemed cause for modest optimism.
 
With those facts as background, here are my baked in assumptions for the following analysis:

• The OECD nations + major developing countries (China, etc.) modestly resume normal economic activity in mid to late Q2
  
• There is no vaccine or "miracle drug" until late 2020 / 2021
  
• Stimulus from major central banks globally prevents an immediate financial crisis or severe market distortions (e.g. the corporate credit market seizing up)
  
• Additional fiscal stimulus measures, while substantial, do not exceed the original stimulus bills (e.g. the $2.2 trillion US bill)
  
• The COVID-19 lockdown contributes to a severe recession in Q1/Q2 2020 in most countries, but the easing of lockdown measures + stimulus leads to modest to substantial recovery in Q3 2020.
  

 
Alright, onto the main event. Here is what I think is "baked" into the future assuming the above events:

• Dramatic increases in sovereign debt levels. The US alone is estimated to run a deficit of ~$3-4 trillion depending on the severity and duration of the recession. With global debt levels already at records highs, it is unclear what effect these substantial debt levels will have (deflation, inflation, stagflation, no effect?)
  
• Severe budget deficits in US state & local governments. Increased spending on unemployment insurance and healthcare expenditures coupled with decreased revenues will force states to significantly cut their budgets. These cuts will include layoffs of non-essential employees.
  
• Increased pressure on Euro zone economies, particularly Italy. Italian economic growth remained anemic in 2019 at 0.3%. With the complete lockdown of the Italian economy (which began in the economic engine of Northern Italy), Italy will likely face dramatic declines in GDP and correspondingly large government deficits. Northern Eurozone countries will be faced yet again with difficult choices with regards to Italian debt. Pressure from northern Eurozone countries on Italy risk furthering inflaming public opinion and leading to a separatist backlash.
  
• Negative to zero growth in US consumer spending in 2020. Despite the enhanced unemployment insurance, stimulus checks, and corporate / small biz loans I believe it is unlikely that consumer spending will rebound in 2020. Consumers will prioritize on paying off debts, rebuilding savings, etc. due to the economic uncertainty. Furthermore there is permanent demand destruction in certain sectors, e.g. consumers are unlikely to replace all of their canceled vacations, restaurant visits, shopping excursions, etc. The "wealth effect" will work in reverse as many high income households see drops in both their investments accounts as well as variable compensation: bonuses, pay raises, RSUs, stock options, etc.
  
• Unemployment will remain substantially elevated over its early 2020 low of ~3.5% through 2020. As in 2009, many corporations will "do more with less" in lieu of hiring during uncertain times. Small and medium sized businesses will face substantial revenue losses in 2020 and will focus on cutting costs to remain solvent.
  
• Manufacturing and business investment will remain weak in 2020. Manufacturing will continue to stagnant due to sluggish demand for automobiles, aircraft, and other durable goods. Businesses will focus on preserving cash, paying down / refinancing debts, etc. due to weak global demand
  
• The US Federal Reserve will continue to support markets with QE and other monetary policy measures.
  
• Increased likelihood of a change in US presidential administrations. In early 2020 the Democratic party appeared poised to nominate a progressive, divisive candidate in Bernie Sanders. By April 2020 Joe Biden, a center-left candidate, had secured the nomination. At the same time, the US economic outlook had substantially deteriorated. While the economy is likely to improve in the June-November timeline, it is unclear if this recovery will be substantial enough to allow President Trump to run on a message of economic recovery. The increased likelihood of a Democratic presidential administration is a corresponding decreased likelihood of further US corporate tax cuts.
  
• Dramatic decrease in stock buybacks in 2020. Companies will focus on preserving cash and reducing debt levels.
  
• Significant deployment of "dry powder" from cash rich corporates and private equity firms (which have ~$2+ trillion in unallocated funds). These funds will look for opportunities in distressed credit, M&A, and other opportunistic areas
  
• Continued low oil prices in 2020. While a modest recovery is possible, the magnitude of demand destruction for oil, the unraveling of Opec+, and the continuing impact of American shale drillers will contain price growth.
  
• Continued China - US tension. There is little sign of a thaw in relations, and a hard line against China is one of the few popular bi-partisan issues in US domestic politics. Initial discussions to suspend Chinese tariffs during the crisis seem to have stalled.
  
• Emphasis on supply chain resiliency / diversification. Between the US - China trade war and the COVID-19 outbreak, OECD companies will face both investor and political pressure to diversify their supply chain away from China. This will bolster the slow and gradual shift that was already underway due to increasing Chinese labor costs and the perception of an opaque, unfair legal regime. In the short term this will drive up costs (China is a manufacturing hub for many reasons beyond cheap labor) which will either compress corporate profits or raise consumer prices.
  
• Unlike 2009, there does not appear to be a new global engine of growth. China seems justifiably concerned about exacerbating their debt situation with massive fiscal stimulus. India was already experiencing a recession, and other major economies like Nigeria, Indonesia, etc. do not have the per capita purchasing power to stimulate global growth. Many of these countries are also suffering from the collapse in commodity prices and the flight from emerging market bonds / equities.
  

 
I hesitate to forecast the future, because obviously there is significant uncertainty. However, my personal base case is that an immediate "V-shaped" recovery in asset prices is unlikely. For asset prices to reach or exceed 2020 levels would require corporates to either substantially increase earnings in mid to late 2020 AND investors to value future earnings at the same high levels of 2020. However, it is worth noting that the record low interest rates (and corresponding bond yields) and monetary easing could in theory drive investors into equities, real estates, private equity, etc. as the only option for positive returns. My personal base case is a sluggish recovery in mid to late 2020 with asset prices remaining volatile to shifts in sentiment. With the Fed stabilizing markets, a widespread global depression seems unlikely but could occur if high global debt levels trigger widespread corporate bankruptcies or some form of "stagflation". Another unlikely, but possible case is that the world emulates Japan after the early 1990s and experiences a long period of slow asset price decline as corporates deleverage, credit availability declines modestly, and no new global engines of growth emerge.
 
Thoughts?
 
Edit #2: Adding in how to know I'm wrong
One thing that occurred to me is that since this analysis is slightly bearish, I should proactively offer some data points that would indicate I'm wrong / overly pessimistic:

• Rapid recovery in US consumer spending in Q3 / Q4 2020 to pre-COVID levels
• Rapid return to pre-COVID employment, ~3.5%, by Q4 2020
• Increased US business investment / manufacturing activity in Q3 / Q4 to supplement or replace consumer spending
• The rapid return of the US corporate debt market which enables large stock buybacks in Q4 2020 onward
• Corporate earnings growth compared to late 2019 (i.e. not simply quarter on quarter comparisons against the likely awful Q1 / Q2 numbers)
• Massive US government infrastructure projects / other stimulus programs that generate demand and boost US household incomes

Edit #3: Some people have correctly pointed out that India was not in a recession in 2019. Apologies, I should have said that growth had decelerated over 2019, with Q4 2019 growth estimated at ~4.7% compared to GDP of ~7% in 2018. I think my larger point stands that India's economy did not appear to be trending in a positive direction, and given their per capita income of ~$1700 4.7% is not sufficient to dramatically improve global growth.
Sources:

• https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2019/11/30/the-stock-markets-25-gain-is-totally-due-to-higher-valuations-and-not-earnings/#3a67eab022ba
• https://www.oecd.org/economy/oecd-sees-rising-trade-tensions-and-policy-uncertainty-further-weakening-global-growth.htm
• Business Investment: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/W790RC1Q027SBEA
• Consumer spending: https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2020-03/pi0220_hist.pdf
• US Debt: https://www.newyorkfed.org/microeconomics/hhdc.html
• $400 expense: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-06-04/the-400-emergency-expense-story-is-wrong
• Corporate Debt: https://www.blackrock.com/institutions/en-us/insights/investment-actions/assessing-risks-in-bbb-corporate-bonds
• Corporate Deb #2: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-13/for-battered-junk-bond-market-an-old-risk-grows-louder-each-day
• Stock buybacks: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/29/goldman-says-there-are-three-big-stock-buyers-that-will-keep-the-record-rally-going.html
• India Growth: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/moodys-cuts-indias-gdp-growth-forecast-to-5-6-for-2019/articleshow/72520706.cms?from=mdr

 
Edit: My first gold and silver, thank you kind strangers!

Bonjour à tous,
Le Shift Project, un think tank en faveur d'une économie décarbonée, propose de travailler sur un plan de relance de l’économie pour l’après crise covid-19. L’objectif est de poser les bases d’un pont vers une société résiliente et durable. En effet, il est « assez simple » d’imaginer un monde décarboné, mais bien plus difficile d’imaginer un cheminement crédible pour y arriver.
Il propose ainsi un plan de transformation de l’économie française. Ce plan n’est pas encore chiffré mais propose une méthode et des pistes de réflexion pour faire de la relance post-crise une transformation de l’économie française vers une économie décarbonée.
Il a aussi été lancé une cagnotte en ligne, pour continuer à développer ce plan de relance en détail et convaincre les décideurs.
Comme le document est assez long (50 pages), je vous propose un gros TL;DR, même si je ne peux que recommander de lire le document en détail.
Note : je n’ai pas rédigé ce rapport, je ne fais que le partager
TL;DR:
Le document explique tout d’abord les objectifs, ainsi que les paramètres pris en compte dans l’élaboration de ce plan. Il détaille ensuite les outils de transformation et d’analyse pour 15 secteurs, 10 en « aval », et 5 en « amont ». Il s'agit à chaque fois d'un état des lieux, des objectifs et des pistes à étudier / outils à mettre en place pour y arriver.
Il y a également des axes transverses qui sont pris en compte, et des méthodes pour s'assurer de la cohérence du plan dans son ensemble.
Je vais essayer de résumer les points principaux des 15 secteurs étudiés.
Note: il y a de la répétition, car beaucoup de solutions s'entremêlent ou sont les mêmes pour plusieurs secteurs

Mobilité du quotidien

Baisse des km.personne parcouru

• Jouer sur l'urbanisme
• Télétravail ++
• Livraisons plus efficace (e.g. tournées pour le e-commerce)

Report modal vers des transport plus sobres en carbone et/ou mieux remplies

• Aménagement vélo ++ ; Aménagement voiture - -
• Services de mobilité à développer et soutenir (mobilité partagée, location vélo, etc.)

Accompagner la transformation automobile

• Véhicules plus sobres via législation (e.g. voiture 2L/100)
• Véhicules électriques au maximum, en particulier les bus
• Développement des motorisations alternatives quand cela est pertinent

Déconstruire l’imaginaire de la voiture pour lui donner un rôle plus fonctionnel

• Publicité / culture

​

Mobilité longue distance

Baisse des km.personne parcourus

• Télétravail / téléconférence ++
• Taxation du secteur aérien pour le rendre moins attractif

Développement du train pour un report modal de l’aérien et de la voiture

• Multiplication des offres longues distances
• Augmentation des fréquences des trains
• Développer une compatibilité avec le secteur du fret
• Tarifications incitatives pour les voyageurs qui utilisent actuellement la voiture au lieu du train

Baisse de l’usage de la voiture

• Limitation de vitesse pour rendre les trajets plus longs en voiture
• Voies dédiées au covoiturage

Accompagner la transformation automobile

• Véhicules plus sobres via législation
• Véhicules électriques au maximum, en particulier les bus

Légiférer pour des avions moins consommateurs

• Avions trop consommateurs interdits pour diminuer la flotte
• Création d’un cahier des charges pour un « avion de 2050 » pour la R&D

​

Fret

Baisse des tonnes transportées

• Circuit court ++
• Baisse de la consommation en général (dépendant des autres secteurs)
• Taxes carbones à l’import pour favoriser le local et les solutions sobres

Augmentation des modes économes de transport

• Investissement dans des hubs au niveau des transport économes (train / fluvial)
• Électrification des flottes quand les autres moyens de transport sont impossibles + pantographe
• Investissement R&D motorisation moins carbonées + avantages fiscaux aux transporteurs qui s’en équipent
• Améliorer le remplissage

Favoriser et inciter à l’écoconduite
Monopole public (au niveau de la ville/région) pour l’organisation des derniers kilomètres en ville

Logement individuel et collectif

Baisse des constructions neuves

• Légiférer pour limiter la construction de maisons individuelles
• Rénovation ++ avec filière dédiée (formation ++ et recyclage ++)

Décarboner

• Chauffage : Biomasse ++, Pompes à chaleur ++, EnR thermique ++, Réseaux de chaleurs ++
• Utilisation du bois pour la construction ++

​

Santé

Augmenter la résilience de la santé

• Rapprochement des hôpitaux et centres de soin des personnes vulnérables
• Relocaliser une partie de l’approvisionnement en molécules actives
• Renforcer souveraineté numérique en privilégiant solutions françaises/européennes

Décarboner et limiter la dépendance matérielle

• Décarboner la mobilité (en lien avec les transports quotidiens)
• Approvisionnement alimentaire soutenable (moins carné, plus local)
• Rénovation des bâtiments + régulation pour limiter leur consommation
• Étudier des solutions pour éviter le tout jetable

Sensibiliser le corps médical aux enjeux climatiques

• Développer la recherche sur l’impact sanitaire du changement climatique
• Former les soignants sur les impacts sanitaires du changement climatique
• S’appuyer sur la confiance dans les soignants pour développer médecine préventive

​

Enseignement supérieur et recherche

Mettre la recherche au service de la décarbonation

• Augmenter la recherche fondamentale
• Réorienter la recherche appliquée (s’assurer de la cohérence avec les enjeux)

Former aux enjeux

• Former les étudiants aux enjeux énergie-climat
• Aider à la reconversion des secteurs en déclin

Décarboner la recherche et l’enseignement supérieur

• Relocaliser les campus dans les villes
• Rénover le parc de bâtiments
• Limiter la place de la voiture dans les campus
• Réorienter la commande publique pour faire durer / mettre en commun / réutiliser

​

Usage numérique

Plan de sobriété numérique (échelle nationale et européenne)
Piloter le développement d’un système d’usage sobre

• Optimiser des offres pour correspondre aux besoins
• Identifier les usages prioritaires (en particulier en cas de crises)

Construction de territoires intelligents et résilients, plutôt que simplement connectés

• Etudier en détail les impacts (matériels, économiques, infrastructure) avant la mise en place de nouvelles technologies

Planifier l’évolution des emplois pour accompagner la transition des usages
​

Culture

Décarboner les infrastructures, biens et services

• Rénovation bâtiments
• Approvisionnement alimentaire soutenable public + salariés
• Limiter les achats et les déchets

Former les professionnels aux enjeux de la transition
Développer un imaginaire sobre
​

Défense

Décarboner les infrastructures et les services

• Sobriété dans les déplacements ++ et adapter le matériel/transport
• Rénovation et efficacité énergétique des bâtiments
• Alimentation durable ++ (moins carnée, produite localement)
• Réhabiliter les infrastructures désaffectées au lieu de nouvelle artificialisation
• Redistribution des emplois hors de l’île de France

Réduire la dépendance aux ressources limitées

• Dans la production : baisse de la quantité et augmentation de la qualité des énergies utilisées, emploi de métaux abondants et disponibles
• Renforcement de l’usage de la simulation
• Diminution de la part de fossile dans le mix énergétique
• Limitation de l’obsolescence, réparation facilitée dès la conception

​

Administration

Décarboner les infrastructures, les biens et les services

• Rénovation bâtiments,
• Approvisionnement alimentaire soutenable
• Limiter les achats et les déchets

Renforcer la résilience

• Réduire sa dépendance à l’approvisionnement en énergies fossiles
• Assurer sa résilience aux événements météorologiques extrêmes
• Relocaliser les circuits d’approvisionnement en denrées alimentaires et en biens de consommation de l’administration
• Rapprocher les services publics des usagers, et surtout des plus vulnérables
• Distinguer les sections vitales (défense, sécurité intérieure, santé, etc.) et renforcer les exercices de crise pour vérifier l’efficacité des plans de résilience et réorganiser l’administration en conséquence
• Renforcer la souveraineté des outils numériques de l’administration

Réorganiser le secteur et ses ressources humaines

• Formation des agents
• Création de postes spécialisés sur les enjeux
• Planification aux différents échelons décisionnels

​

Industrie lourde, manufacturière et recyclage

Construire une cartographie des vulnérabilités physiques des secteurs
Industrie de première transformation résiliente

• Agir sur normes des matériaux pour réduire les volumes / énergies à usage constants
• Exploitation des minéraux de récupération ++
• Rendre viables économiquement des procédés décarbonées (nouveau type de ciment, etc.)

Production manufacturière résiliente et cohérente avec la transition

• Conceptions sobres en matière premières
• Réduire l’utilisation d’alliages
• Optimisation pour les besoins essentiels
• Maximiser la durabilité, recyclabilité et la réparabilité

Structurer une filière de l’après première vie
​

Industrie automobile

Réduire l’empreinte carbone et accroître la résilience de l’activité

• Éco-conception des véhicules (facilitation du recyclage)
• Limiter le dumping social/environnemental

Développer et produire des véhicules sobres, thermiques comme électrique

• Véhicules thermiques sobres (petits, légers, optimisé en frottement, biocarburant)
• Véhicules électriques sobres

Développer de nouvelles activités productives et de service

• Fabrication de deux roues
• Services de mobilités partagées

​

Agriculture & alimentation

Construire des systèmes alimentaires territoriaux

• Rôles des collectivités pour limiter l’import et l’export massif, pour produire au niveau local

Changer profondément les systèmes agricoles et les assiettes

• Agroécologie, réduire la dépendance carbone
• Moins de spécialisation + moins d’intermédiaires de transformation
• Baisser la quantité de viandes

Multiplier par trois le nombre d’actifs agricoles en une génération

• Revalorisation des savoirs faire et des professions agricoles
• Facilité de rachat de fermes

​

Forêts et bois

État des lieux du potentiel de capture carbone (foret, prairies, sols agricoles, etc.)
Augmenter la part des produits bois dans la construction et la rénovation
Augmenter la part du bois dans la génération de chaleur

Énergie

Assurer une cohérence d’ensemble entre les demandes globales issues des différents secteurs en transition, et l’offre. Cette vérification inclura la consommation d’énergie due à la transition elle-même.
Décarboner les usages

• Sortir du fioul / gaz pour le chauffage
• Limiter les moteurs thermiques

Étudier la pertinence des gaz / liquide non fossiles comme la méthanisation provenant de l’agriculture, qui restera limitée
Prévoir les formations et reconversions des professionnels
Anticiper le renouvellement/remplacement du parc nucléaire, pour ne pas être pris de court
Assurer la sécurité d’approvisionnement

Below is a rundown of the letter ‘R’ under Epstein's contacts. Last year, I wrote about letters A-C. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/cpis3n/a_brief_rundown_of_the_first_ten_pages_of_jeffrey/).
I also wrote about letters D-F on July 5, 2020. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/hlrba8/a_notsobrief_rundown_of_letters_df_in_jeffrey/).
I posted letters G-I on July 13, 2020. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/hqko0y/a_notsobrief_rundown_of_letters_gi_in_jeffrey/).
I posted letters J-L on July 15, 2020. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/hrq9bg/a_notsobrief_rundown_of_letters_jl_of_jeffrey/).
I posted letter M on July 20, 2020. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/huw0yt/a_notsobrief_rundown_of_the_letter_m_in_jeffrey/).
I posted letters N-Q on July 27, 2020. You can check that out here (https://www.reddit.com/conspiracy/comments/hyudbz/a_notsobrief_rundown_of_the_letters_nq_in_jeffrey/). There are some misspelled names. Epstein entered their names like this.
I have bolded some of the more interesting connections and information, but there could be much more that I overlooked. I hope something here strikes an interest in someone and maybe we can get more investigations out of this. Please, if you know anything more about any of these people than what is presented here, post below. I am working off of the unredacted black book found here: https://www.coreysdigs.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Jeffrey-Epsteins-Little-Black-Book-unredacted.pdf
R
Rachline, Nicholas: Best friend of Harvey Weinstein for over 30 years (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/champs-elysees-film-festival-harvey-weinstein-334309), Rachline is a photographer. Rachline was also editor-in-chief of Above, a magazine dedicated to environmental protection, until its final issue a few years later. Contributors to the magazine included David de Rothschild, Robert F. Kennedy Jr, Richard Branson, and other well-known figures. The biannual magazine was distributed by Conde Nast, which also owns Tatler, Vogue, Glamour, GQ, Vanity Fair, The New Yorker, and other influential publications. Jeffrey Epstein’s connections to Conde Nast publications - specifically Tatler and Vogue - continues to grow.
Radziwill, Carole: Journalist for ABC News who also wrote a monthly column for Glamour (owned by Conde Nast). Carole was on the Real Housewives of New York City for 6 seasons. Carole was a good friend of Ghislaine Maxwell’s in the early 2000s. Maxwell even set her up with Prince Andrew after Carole’s husband, Prince Anthony Radziwill, died of cancer in 1999 (https://www.nickiswift.com/224731/the-truth-about-carole-radziwill-ghislaine-maxwell/). Radziwill was the nephew of Jacqueline Kennedy (JFK’s wife) and son of Polish Prince Stanislaw Albrecht Radziwill. He also served as best man at JFK Jr.’s wedding. There are several pictures of Carole and Ghislaine circulating which forced her to make a statement regarding her relationship with Maxwell and Epstein, whom she says she only met once.
Rankin, Mr Gavin: The former Europe, Middle East, and Asia (EMEA) head of managed investments for Citi Private Bank. Now works for HSBC in a similar position. Has ties to the Royal Family. His restaurant, Bellamy’s, is the “only restaurant where the Monarch has ever dined at (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3504185/The-Queen-goes-dinner-Bellamy-s-restaurant.html).” The Queen even celebrated her 80th birthday there. Looking at the menu prices, it seems an odd choice considering it’s not some super high-end eatery. Rankin is also the heir apparent to the Rankin Baronetcy.
Rappaport, Don: Co-founder and CEO of American List Counsel (ALC). The ALC tried to sell personal information on one-million kids (ages 14-17), along with their parents’ names, household incomes, and ethnicities to advertising companies (https://www.mcall.com/news/breaking/mc-nws-data-broker-personal-info-20190319-story.html) just last year. In other words, Mr. Rappaport runs a company that collects data on children and sells this information to whomever is willing to buy it. Who else is Rappaport sharing this information with?
Rattazzi, Isabel: Former model. Isabel is a Countess through her marriage to Lupo dei Conti Rattazzi. Her husband is the son of Susanna Agnelli, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Member of Parliament in Italy. The Agnelli family are controlling shareholders of Fiat Automobiles.
Raynes, Patty: Daughter of billionaire oil and entertainment mogul, Marvin Davis (1925-2004). Patty is a well-known socialite in the Hamptons. Raynes hung out in the same circles as Ghislaine and Epstein. Her husband is a real estate developer.
Reardan, Kate: Editor of Tatler (another Tatler connection!) magazine from 2011-2017. Previously worked for Vanity Fair, another Conde Nast publication. Reardon was named one of London’s 1000 Most Influential People by the Evening Standard in 2007. She once dated Rupert Fairfax, aide to Prince Charles.
Reynal Michael: International investment banker.
Reynal, Miguel: There are a few Miguel Reynals. I believe it is the investment banker who once worked for Deutsche Bank because of the connection between Epstein and Deutsche Bank.
Reza, Ali: Founder of aviation company Freestream Aircraft Limited. Routinely deals with the wealthy and powerful (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/11/sanctioned-russian-tycoon-hands-back-his-private-jets.html).
Ritblat, Nick Rebecca Willis: Nick is the son of John Ritblat, the former Chairman and CEO of British Land, one of the largest property development and investment companies in the UK. Nick has followed in his father’s footsteps, as he is also in the property development game.
Ritson Thomas Rupert: Descendent of James Bond author, Ian Fleming (https://www.henleystandard.co.uk/news/community/136373/james-bond-authors-descendents-win-1-2-million-claim-on-school-land.html). Attends parties with royalty (https://www.tatler.com/gallery/royal-ascot-2000). Brother of famous photographer, Hugo Rittson-Thomas, who supports The National Deaf Children’s Society.
Rivers, Joan (and Melissa Rivers): Joan was a very popular comedian and actress who died in 2014 during surgery. Many think she was murdered because of her comments about Michelle Obama’s gender. Joan was friends with Ghislaine Maxwell and knew her since at least the early ‘90s (https://www.salon.com/2019/07/09/i-was-a-friend-of-jeffrey-epstein-heres-what-i-know/). Joan was also good friends with Prince Charles and had a tight relationship with the Royal Family, as she often attended Royal events (https://www.biography.com/news/joan-rivers-prince-charles-friendship). Melissa is her daughter. She has no discernible talent whatsoever.
Robert, Joseph & Jill: Joseph E. Robert Jr. was an international real estate investor. Robert was known for his philanthropy. He donated $25 million (and raised $150 million more) to finance research on reducing the pain that children experience during surgery. He has been credited with raising nearly $1 billion for children’s charities ((https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/09/business/joseph-e-robert-jr-investor-in-real-estate-dies-at-59.html). Robert founded Fight for Children, a charity meant to support at-risk children in Washington D.C. (https://www.fightforchildren.org/joseph-e-robert-j). Robert also donated a lot of money to Children’s National Hospital (https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2019/10/24/here-s-what-children-s-national-is-bringing-to-the.html), which has scholarships named in his honor. He died of brain cancer in 2011. Jill was his wife.
Roberts, Deb: 99% sure this is the TV journalist for ABC News and wife of famous weatherman/TV personality Al Roker.
Robilant, Mr Edmondo di Maya: Edmondo is a fine art dealer. His wife, Maya, is a University lecturer, journalist, and television presenter.
Robin: Robin DeMetz is a personal friend of Epstein pal/alleged accomplice Naomi Campbell (https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/30/nyregion/boldface-names-482374.html). She is married to Hasz DeMetz, who is in the diamond mining business.
Robinski, Kasia/Pod: Kasia is an investor and serves as director for several companies. No clue who/what Pod refers to.
Robinson, Jo & Lisa Shields: Lisa is the Vice President of Global Communications and Media Relations for the Council on Foreign Relations, where Epstein used to serve. No info on Joe, although I believe he is the gentleman on the left in this picture (https://www.patrickmcmullan.com/photo/0361960).
Rocksavage, David: The 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley and the Lord Great Chamberlain of the UK. He is a descendant of the Rothschild and Sassoon families through his grandmother, Sybil Sassoon. He is also the descendant of Britain’s first Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole. The Marquess doesn’t keep the best company. The Godfather of his twins bilked L’Oreal heiress, Liliane Bettencourt, out of £850 million in 2010 https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1295083/L-Oreal-fraud-suspect-Marquess.html). He was convicted of ‘abuse of weakness’ in 2016. Rocksavage’s wife, Rose Hanbury, is the Marchioness of Cholmondeley. She is a patron of East Anglia’s Children’s Hospices (EACH) along with Kate Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge, and other royalty. Last year, there were rumors that Rose Hanbury had an affair with Prince William, Prince Charles’s eldest son and husband of Kate Middleton (https://news.yahoo.com/6-things-know-rose-hanbury-164552520.html).
Roedy, Bill: Former Vice President at HBO, former head honcho at MTV Europe, and Global Health Advisor. In 2018, Roedy was named Vice Chair of Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance (https://www.gavi.org/gavi-board-appoints-bill-roedy-as-vice-chair), which was founded in 2000 by… the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (https://www.gavi.org/our-alliance/about)! Roedy not only serves on the Council on Foreign Relations just like Epstein once did (Epstein preceded Roedy), but he also had connections to Robert Maxwell, Ghislaine’s father.
Rolfe, Gail: Freelance journalist and fashion editor who once worked for Tatler (again) and The Times (https://www.hachette.com.au/gail-rolfe/).
Ronson, Lisa: Gerald Ronson’s daughter (see below).
Ronson, Mr & Mrs Gerald: British furniture and property development tycoon. Gerald is a big-time philanthropist. In addition to the number of Jewish groups he gives money to, Ronson also serves as Vice President of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). a children’s charity that several others in Epstein’s ‘black book’ (Jemma Kidd, Tim Jeffries, Mary Glanville, Clare Hazell-Ivaegh, Ben Holland-Martin, Manilo Marocco) and Princess Margaret have served. The number of suspected pedophiles and child traffickers that are involved with the NSPCC is mindblowing. As if that weren’t enough, Gerald was also good friends with Greville Janner, ex-Leicester MP who was constantly accused of child abuse before his death, but was able to evade culpability due to police constantly bungling the evidence (https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/ex-leicester-mp-greville-janner-3869479). Gerald’s wife, Gail, is also a philanthropist of Jewish charities. Her first big event in 1983 was attended by Prince Charles and Princess Diana.
Rose, Wendy & Joe: Now divorced, Wendi and Joe are both real estate magnates in New York. Joe worked for Mayor Giuliani from 1993-2001.
Rose, Charlie & Burden, Amanda: Charlie Rose is a (former) famous television journalist who hosted the eponymous talk show, Charlie Rose. Jeffrey Epstein and Charlie Rose were thick as thieves. In fact, Epstein (and his assistant) called Rose many times and would recommend potential young assistants for Charlie Rose to hire (https://nymag.com/intelligence2019/07/jeffrey-epstein-high-society-contacts.html). Epstein frequently lunched with and attended parties with Rose. Rose’s show was cancelled in 2017 when eight women came out and accused him of sexual harassment (https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/eight-women-say-charlie-rose-sexually-harassed-them--with-nudity-groping-and-lewd-calls/2017/11/20/9b168de8-caec-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html). Since then, 27 more women have accused Charlie Rose of sexual harassment (https://www.vulture.com/2018/05/charlie-rose-27-women-new-accusers-sexual-harassment.html), bringing the grand total to 35. Rose also served on the Council on Foreign Relations, although I am unable to find out if his time there coincided with Epstein’s. Charlie’s former love interest, Amanda, has worked for Bloomberg since 2002, first as director of the New York City Department of City Planning, then as chair of the City Planning Commission, and now as a principal at Bloomberg Associates, a consulting service.
Rosen, Andrew: Fashion designer.
Rosen, Denis & Sylvia: Dennis was a well-respected British scientist. Sylvia was his wife and co-writer of London Science.
Rosencrantz, Ms Claudia: British television executive and journalist. She was Controller of Entertainment for ITV for over ten years. Voted one of Britain’s 50 most inspirational women in 2018 by the Daily Mail.
Rosenfield, Donald: Movie producer. Former President of Merchant Ivory Productions from 1986-1998.
Rosenstein, Rob: Co-founder of Agoda. Similar to Expedia, Orbitz, Priceline, etc, Agoda provides its users with information on flights and hotels
Rosenthal, Jane: Co-founder of the Tribeca Film Festival and Tribeca Productions film studio with Robert De Niro. Good friend of Ghislaine Maxwell (https://www.barefootpalmbeach.com/post/epstein) and Peggy Siegal (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/jane-rosenthal-and-peggy-siegal-attend-lunch-in-honor-of-news-photo/591348640), Epstein’s plug into New York celebrity society.
Roth, Peter Thomas & Noreen: Peter Thomas Roth is the founder of the skin care and cosmetics company that bears his name. Roth graduated from Dalton school in 1975, where Epstein taught him during his senior year. Roth has lauded Epstein as a “brilliant teacher.” Epstein later served Roth’s tutor to prepare him for the Wharton School at Penn (http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/ap/how-epstein-went-from-teaching-to-wall-street/article_59c0234e-cf7d-59c3-96a7-bb8a04dacaa8.html). Roth admits to going to Epstein’s mansion once, although he says only middle-aged people were present (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/12/nyregion/jeffrey-epstein-dalton-teacher.html). This story would be more plausible if Epstein didn’t have eight phone numbers, two addresses, and an email address listed under Roth’s name. It would also be more believable if they didn’t live two blocks away from each other in NYC. Noreen is Peter’s ex-wife. She serves as Managing Director of his company.
Rothchild, Jessica: Actually Jessica de Rothschild, daughter of billionaire financier Sir Evelyn de Rothschild (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/prince-charles-prince-of-wales-speaks-with-with-sir-evelyn-news-photo/467631086?adppopup=true) and Lynn Forester de Rothschild, close friend of Hillary Clinton. Jessica used to be a writer for Tatler magazine, which Epstein is deeply connected to through his contacts. Runs in the same circles as Epstein and Maxwell.
Rothchild, Hannah: The eldest child of Jacob Rothschild (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/lord-jacob-rothschild-attends-the-launch-of-the-stella-news-photo/972453692?adppopup=true), Hannah is a businesswoman and was the first female Chair of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery in London. In 2018, Hannah took over as Chair of Yad Hanadiv (https://www.yadhanadiv.org.il/about-yad-hanadiv), a pro-Israel Rothschild organization/charity which has been running in its current form since 1958. The actual history dates back to the late 1800s when Baron Edmond de Rothschild sought to “support Jewish revival in Palestine.” Yad Hanadiv is responsible for building the Knesset (Israeli parliament), the Supreme Court, and is currently working on the New National Library in Israel. Hannah is also a Trustee of the Rothschild Foundation, which has been a long-time patron of… the NSPCC children’s charity (https://www.nspcc.org.uk/globalassets/documents/annual-reports/nspcc-annual-report-2006.pdf), where countless other suspected pedophiles and pedophile sympathizers find themselves orbiting.
Rothenburg, Rich: Former portfolio manager and researcher at Deutsche Bank, which was recently fined $150 million for ignoring Epstein’s suspicious transactions (https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/07/business/jeffrey-epstein-deutsche-bank-fine/index.html).
Rotherwick, Tania & Robin: Tania is an old friend of Ghislaine Maxwell (https://www.tatler.com/article/where-on-earth-is-ghislaine-maxwell) and ex-girlfriend of Prince Andrew. She is also the sister-in-law of Mark Carney, who served as the Governor of the Bank of England from 2013-2020. Her ex-husband, Robin Cayzer, is the 3rd Baron Rotherwick. He has served in the House of Lords since 1996.
Rothschild, Edouard de: Son of Guy de Rothschild, who was the great-great-grandson of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, the person responsible for founding the family’s banking empire in the 18th century. Edouard was head of the family’s Paris-based Rothschild & Cie Banque from 1987-2004, when he stepped down.
Rothschild, Evelyn de: Businessman and banker supposedly worth $20 billion, although many think it’s actually a lot more. In addition to poking Prince Charles (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/prince-charles-prince-of-wales-speaks-with-with-sir-evelyn-news-photo/467631086?adppopup=true), Evelyn has also asserted his dominance of many companies and corporations by acting as Chairman or Director of The Economist (1972-1989), De Beers (1977-1994), IBM, and many others. Evelyn has served as Queen Elizabeth II’s financial advisor for decades (https://www.jewoftheweek.net/2017/11/29/jews-of-the-week-evelyn-de-rothschild-jacob-rothschild/). Evelyn’s wife, Lynn Forester de Rothschild, was completely enamored with Epstein. Before his death, Epstein claimed that he loaned Lynn money when she was going through a divorce in the early ‘90s, before she became a Rothschild (https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/the-mystery-of-ghislaine-maxwell-epstein-enabler). Lynn was responsible for setting up an introduction between Epstein and Bill Clinton in 1995 (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8362601/Bill-Clinton-confessed-Jeffrey-Epstein-slept-Monica-Lewinsky.html). Alan Dershowitz wrote an essay earlier this month where he opens by saying that he was introduced to Ghislaine Maxwell by Evelyn and Lynn de Rothschild (https://spectator.us/ghislaine-maxwell-know-jeffrey-epstein-alan-dershowitz/). Ghislaine lived in a NYC townhouse that Lynn (allegedly) sold to one of Epstein’s companies for more than $8 million below market value (https://www.businessinsider.com/ghislaine-maxwell-jeffrey-epstein-father-real-estate-assets-foundation-2019-8#until-2016-maxwell-lived-in-a-5-million-new-york-townhouse-bought-by-a-company-with-the-same-address-as-epsteins-business-office-10). While it is widely believed that Ghislaine introduced Epstein to Prince Andrew, there are conflicting accounts that claim that Lynn was the one who introduced the two (https://nypost.com/2020/07/11/ghislaine-maxwell-didnt-introduce-epstein-to-prince-andrew-pal/). The Rothschilds are also extremely close with the Clintons. They even spent part of their honeymoon in the White House during Bill’s presidency back in 2000 (https://www.politico.eu/article/economist-magazine-shareholders-british-commerce-rothschild/). They remain close to this day, as both Evelyn and Lynn have donated and contributed heavily to Hillary’s past campaigns.
Roumugere, Caroline: Carolyn is a jeweller who makes unique pieces inspired by her upbringing in Kenya (http://www.carolynroumeguere.com/about). Her father was a close friend of artist Salvador Dali.
Royle, Hon Lucinda: Wife of Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley, a British politician. Daughter of Anthony Royle, Baron Fanshawe of Richmond, a Member of Parliament for Richmond, Surrey (1959-1983) and businessman. Royle coincidentally stepped down as MP shortly after the Elm Guest House scandal (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/elm-guest-house-abuse-scandal-1857494) became known to the public. It turns out that British politicians and other high-ranking members of society were sexually abusing children. All of this happened in Richmond, where Royle served as MP. Of course, nobody has been charged. Oh yeah, the owner of Elm Guest House, Carole Kasir, who supposedly kept a list of Elm Guest House attendees, died under murky circumstances (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/secret-files-prove-carole-kasir-11506791). Anthony Royle also famously sided with Michael Heseltine over Margaret Thatcher during the 1985 Westland Affair. Heseltine appeared earlier in the black book (check out the G-I thread for more info). Heseltine invested in Conservative Parliament member Harvey Proctor’s business after Proctor was forced to resign after it was revealed he had sexual relationships with and took nude pictures of male prostitutes aged 17-21 at his home (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/members-interests-top-tories-lose-on-proctors-shop-the-retailer-1445666.html). At the time, it was illegal to have same-sex relations with prostitutes under the age of 21.
Rucellai, Natalie: PR specialist for Rocco Forte Hotels. Used to do PR for Giorgio Armani. The Rucellai family married into the Medici family in 1461. Although the Rucellais are not a Black Nobility family, the Medici family certainly is.
Rudnick, Della: This is actually Della Rounick, the former CEO of the fashion company HE-RO Group. She is now an artist and sculptor.
Russel, Michelle: A senior executive in asset management.
Rust, Marina & Ian: Marina is a former contributing editor at Vogue (again) magazine. She is the granddaughter of Marshall Field III, an investment banker and heir to the Marshall Field department store fortune. Rust often attended the same parties as Ghislaine Maxwell. She is photographed here with Ghislaine, Tom Ford, and Countess Sally Albemarle (https://www.patrickmcmullan.com/photo/0010136), all of whom are in Epstein’s black book. She is also friends with Lauren du Pont of the billionaire family (https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/traveling-down-memory-lane/). Her husband, Ian Connor is an investment banker at Lazard Freres, a bank that has repeatedly come up during research of Epstein’s contacts. Marina and Ian literally live around the block from Epstein’s NYC mansion.
Rustow, Tim: Uncertain, but my best guess would be the portfolio manager who is the son of Dankwart Rustow, a famous expert in political science and sociology, and brother of historian Marina Rustow.
Rutland Duke and Duchess: David Manners, the 11th Duke of Rutland, is the owner of Belvoir Castle. His wife, Emma Manners (nee Watkins), the Duchess of Rutland, is pictured here in front of the castle (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/emma-manner-duchess-of-rutland-during-the-launch-event-for-news-photo/1206547435?adppopup=true), enjoying her afternoon tea. She runs the commercial activities at Belvoir Castle. Manners has been (allegedly) entangled with Ghislaine Maxwell since the 1980s.
Now for the controversial stuff. The Duke and Duchess hired former MP Harvey Proctor in 2003 to be their private secretary. Proctor is a disgraced MP who was forced to resign in 1987 after it was revealed that he had sexual relationships with and took nude pictures of male prostitutes aged 17-21 at his home (source: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/members-interests-top-tories-lose-on-proctors-shop-the-retailer-1445666.html). At the time, it was illegal to have same-sex relations with prostitutes under the age of 21. There is a wonderful and brief expose here (https://theneedleblog.wordpress.com/2015/01/09/blackmail-the-maxwells-harvey-proctor-and-the-marquis-of-granby/) that builds a strong relationship between Proctor, Manners, and Ghislaine Maxwell, and explains why Manners would hire a disgraced pedophile as his personal secretary, which I will quickly sum up: Robert Maxwell’s newspapers were publishing damaging pieces on Harvey Proctor in 1986, when allegations of his sexual improprieties first started to leak. A threat was made by a caller who said if Maxwell continued running these stories on Proctor, they would reveal that Maxwell’s daughter, Ghislaine, was having an affair with the “son of a Duke.” This would be David Manners, who was not yet Duke of Rutland since his father (the 10th Duke of Rutland) was still alive. Manners dismissed the allegation as “nonsense,” but went on to hire Proctor in 2003, three years after Proctor’s shirtmaking business was liquidated. Some may say that Proctor would have the most to gain by threatening Robert Maxwell back in the ‘80s and that maybe he used that information to find a job with Manners once his shirt business went belly-up. This is all speculation, of course.
Ruttenberg, Eric & Perri: Eric is the co-managing partner at Tinicum, the private investment firm his father founded in 1974. His wife, Perri (nee Peltz), is a former broadcast journalist who worked for NBC, ABC (she worked on the show, 20/20, hosted by pedophile protector and friend of Ghislaine, Barbara Walters), and CNN from 1987-2002. Peltz is a member of the “Tennis Girls” (insert roll eyes emoji), a group that includes Epstein helper Peggy Siegal, Tory Burch, Christina Cuomo (Chris Cuomo’s wife), Ariadne Calvo-Platero, Kitty Sherrill, and Renee Rockefeller (https://pagesix.com/2011/12/23/tough-enough-for-jennet/). Everyone in that group is listed in Epstein’s black book except for Sherrill and Rockefeller. Coincidentally, Perri attended Dalton, the exclusive private high school, in the mid-late ‘70s when Epstein taught there.
Ryder, Mr Nicholas: Uncertain. Some info found but couldn’t confirm either way.

Artificial Intelligence is a smart computer science technology that uses machine capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. To make these machines super intelligent machine learning , Natural process language and deep learning are the newer advancements in AI which is virtually being part of every industrial, healthcare, education, automobile and tourism sector.
AI trends that is going to create buzz in 2020 are:
Increased Personalization Experiences in marketing, advertising, shopping: Real time targeted offerings via E commerce sites, personalized mails, targeted advertising, use of algorithms to study individual and collect and analyse data to create a pattern and use for sales is going to be the most functional and successful 2020 AI trend. Use of drones and automotive tools to give personalized door to door services also uses AI.
Increased Automation: Be it automotive automobiles like Waymo, Tesla or smart homes and cities that uses automation, use of RPA (Robotic process automation) to use robots for repetitive administrative tasks, voice assistants as sales Representative or query desks is the new trend to avoid human errors, and quickly and proficiently provide results using AI. Automation in healthcare with use of wearables, sensors and use of AI to study and predict drug’s DNA strains that fight diseases like Ebola, Covid and so on.
Innovative use of AI in Composing music, used as cooking and serving bots in restaurants, used in films and video has sparked the interest of millennial as well as baby boomers. Like Robert De Niro de-aged in front of our eyes with the assistance of AI, in Martin Scorsese’s epic The Irishman, and the use of AI in creating brand new visual effects and trickery is likely to become increasingly common.
AI’s role as boon and bane in cyber-security: With increased use of digital technology, AI can be used by hackers to create disasters and AI can be used for better cyberdefence. So both these trends are to rise in 2020 with use of more and more online tools for work processes.
In Nutshell AI is to monitor and refine the world with its intelligent technology so embrace it to make a presence in the world. Many start-ups like Technostacks Infotech Pvt. Ltd. are leveraging technologies like AI and ML for improving the way we live and other functions that are vital for Industry growth.

Good morning from the UK.
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Virus Statistics as of 9am UK time today
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Region	Today	Yesterday	% change
Global	142,320	132,567	+7.4%
China	81,021	80,981	+0.5%
Italy	17,660	15,113	+16.9%
Iran	11,364	10,075	+12.8%
South Korea	8,086	7,979	+1.3%
Spain	4,231	2,965	+42.7%
France	3,640	2,860	+27.3%
Germany	3,062	2,369	+29.3%
USA	2,174	1,663	+30.7%
Switzerland	1,125	858	+31.1%
Netherlands	804	614	+30.9%
UK	802	594	+35.0%
Denmark	801	674	+18.8%
Sweden	775	620	+25.0%
Norway	750	489	+53.4%

All other countries with under 750 identified infections not listed (yesterday's threshold was 500). Total countries infected worldwide = 129, an increase from yesterday of 6. Source: The WHO dashboard (Link), except for USA where I'm using the John Hopkins University dashboard (Link). (Personal note: Western countries infection counts are increasing each day much faster than Asian countries but that may be due to cultural differences or it may be that they're doing my testing, if anyone can shed light on this please do).
Reminder, these are identified case counts and medical experts are reporting this virus has a long incubation period with people being infections despite displaying no symptoms; the true infection figures are likely to be much higher.
As of today, 71,694 people have recovered, according to figures from the Johns Hopkins University.
Note: The new infections count in South Korea has been dropping steadily for the past week - you can see it for yourself on the WHO website if you click on the Republic of Korea on the right (not the map) and view the resulting chart that appears on the left.
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Virus specific news (sources: Guardian live blog, Al-Jazeera live blog, CNN live blog)
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WHO Director says Europe now the epicentre on twitter- “Europe has now become the epicenter of the pandemic, with more reported cases and deaths than the rest of the world combined, apart from China,” World Health Organization (WHO) director, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has tweeted. “Our message to countries continues to be: you must take a comprehensive approach to fight. Not testing alone. Not contact tracing alone. Not quarantine alone. Not social distancing alone. Do it all,” he said.
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US Hospitals may face difficulties during coronavirus pandemic, experts say - CNN reports (link) that some health experts are warning that hospitals are not prepared to manage the anticipated number of patients, if there is a large spike in severe cases. "If we have a large spike of cases -- no, American hospitals are not going to be able to handle it," said Dr. Ashish Jha, the director of the Harvard Global Health Institute. CNN obtained one estimate presented to the American Hospital Association by Dr. James Lawler, at the University of Nebraska Medical Center on March 5 predicting that over the next two months, 4.8 million patients will be admitted to hospital because of coronavirus, including 1.9 million stays in the intensive care unit. "This estimation is just that, an estimation," Lawler said in an emailed statement. "However it is based upon the best epidemiological modeling and opinion of experts in pandemics and respiratory viral disease." Lawler's report estimates 4.8 million patients could be admitted to hospitals in the coronavirus pandemic -- but the US doesn't even have 1 million beds. According to the American Hospital Association, there are a total of 924,107 staffed beds across all the hospitals in the United States. West Virginia is the only state to have not reported any cases.
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CDC chief: Certain materials critical to coronavirus tests​ 'now are in short supply' - Supplychaindive reports (Link) that CDC Director Redfield's public acknowledgment of the shortage came a day after FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn's testimony before a House appropriations subcommittee in which he warned of "pressures" on the supply of reagents for commercial and public health labs. Qiagen, a major supplier of RNA extraction kits, confirmed to MedTech Dive on Thursday that "extraordinary demand for coronavirus testing workflows" is challenging the company's capacity to supply certain RNA kits used for SARS-CoV-2-related LDTs. A spokesman for Qiagen said it is ramping up production at its manufacturing sites in Germany and Spain.​ Nonetheless, the American Society for Microbiology,​ which represents thousands of public health and clinical lab microbiologists, warned "there are limits on how rapidly companies can realistically accelerate production of the necessary reagents" and "increased demand for testing has the potential to exhaust supplies needed to perform the testing itself.​"
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Apple is closing all retail outlets outside Greater China in an effort to reduce exposure to its employees - A letter from the CEO Tim Cook detailing the steps the company is taking is available on Apple's website here.
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Contrary to Trump’s claim, Google is not building a nationwide coronavirus screening website - Theverge reports (link) that Google is not working with the US government in building a nationwide website to help people determine whether and how to get a novel coronavirus test, despite what President Donald Trump said in the course of issuing an emergency declaration for the coronavirus pandemic. Instead, a much smaller trial website made by another division of Alphabet, Google’s parent company, is going up. It will only be able to direct people to testing facilities in the Bay Area.
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Other virus news in brief (same major media sources as above) -
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- Inditext, the owner of Zara is closing its stores in Spain. The Spanish stores contribute about 18% of the group's total sales.
- Saudi Arabia's foreign ministry said on Saturday it would ban all international flights into the Kingdom for two weeks in response to the coronavirus outbreak.
- New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said on Saturday that everyone entering the country from midnight on Sunday must self isolate for 14 days in an effort to contain the spread of the new coronavirus. Pacific island countries (which currently have no cases) are exempt. Cruise ships will not be allowed to dock until the end of June. Separately, the memorial for the Christchurch terrorist attack has been cancelled (it was expected to draw considerable amounts of people from around the world).
- Stocks of coronavirus test kits have run out in parts of Australia -- and supplies elsewhere are running low, the government's chief medical officer has warned.
- Netflix has paused film and TV show production in the US and Canada for two weeks.
- Other TV shows also suspended include Ellen DeGeneres' daytime talk show, “The Daily Show with Trevor Noah”, “Lights Out with David Spade”, “Last Week Tonight”, “Real Time with Bill Maher” and “Jimmy Kimmel Live”.
- The Pentagon has banned all US domestic travel for everyone affiliated with the Department of Defense unless mission critical.
- UK budget airline Jet2 has cancelled all flights to Spain, Balearic Islands and Canary islands with immediate effect. At time of writing 7 of their flights that are airborne have all turned round and are heading back to the UK according to Flightradar24 tweets.
- A handful of fights break out in US stores over panic buying (Source: Fox news link)
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Supply chain
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Air freight rates start to surge as carriers unveil plans for the transatlantic - As I suggested yesterday, The Loadstar says (Link) that air freights are starting to surge for trans-Atlantic cargo shipments due to President Trump's announcement that visitors from 26 Schengen zone countries will be banned for 30 days. Some carriers have promised existing bookings will be honoured for between two days and a week, after which there will be rolling bookings, while forwarders are talking of being quoted from €6.50 per kilo to £10 per kg out of the UK into the US, which is “unheard of”. Geodis announced this morning it is launching a four-times-a-week round-trip service next week. It will operate from Liege to Chicago, with connecting services to US and European gateways. Dachser said it was extending its chartered air freight service between Frankfurt and China. From Monday, it will offer round trips to the US, Latin America and Frankfurt, to Shanghai. (Personal note: the problem is that very few cargo planes fly transatlantic because there are 550 passenger flights each way every day and they can carry cargo - as a result there is huge carrying capacity under normal conditions which is why airfreight rates are rapidly rising. If the UK and/or Ireland also get banned, it will only exacerbate the situation and drive rates higher still).
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IAG CEO pens a letter to employees: "The survival of British Airways" - Alex Cruz, the CEO of IAG which is the parent group which owns BA and Iberia has written a letter to all employees says the BBC (link). "We can no longer sustain our current level of employment and jobs would be lost - perhaps for a short term, perhaps longer term" he wrote. British Airways was suspending routes and parking planes in a way they had "never had to do before" and Cruz underlined the severity of BA's position by telling staff "not to underestimate the seriousness of this for our company". The article also points out that multiple other major airlines are also in the same position and are beginning to announce flight suspensions and significant job cuts.
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60% of U.S. Manufacturers Say Business Has Been Impacted by Coronavirus but this may be the beginning of reshoring away from China - ThomasNet has a report detailing the impact so far on US manufacturing (requires free subscription, link). 34% of survey respondents expect business to decline, while 13% say they expect their business to grow as a result of this outbreak. 46% of suppliers report that their shipping and logistics have been disrupted, 35% report incidents of offshore factory suspension and/or production restrictions, and 8% report that the coronavirus outbreak has caused the cost of goods to surge. The report adds that there has been more than a 1,000% increase month over month in sourcing activity for hazmat suits, masks, and respirators. “This event is putting a lot of pressure on Indian and Mexican sources as OEMs and Tier Ones seek alternative to Chinese sources," said a custom manufacturer in Wisconsin. "If this sustains, it should result in some reshoring." “We've long aimed to be a domestic alternative to Chinese manufacturers, anyhow," a Washington-based agricultural OEM shared. "If anything, this just further asserts that we are on the right path.”
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How coronavirus is upsetting the US blood supply chain - Live Science has a piece written by Professor Anna Nagurney. Our nation's blood supply is essential to our health care security. Blood transfusions are integral parts of major surgeries. Blood is used in the treatment of diseases, particularly sickle cell anemia and some cancers. Blood is needed for victims who have injuries caused by accidents or natural disasters. Every day, the U.S. needs 36,000 units of red blood cells, 7,000 units of platelets, and 10,000 units of plasma. The problem is that multiple blood donation centres are closing and blood products are perishable, in some cases only lasting as short as 5 days. She urges people to continue donating blood if at all possible, noting that blood donations have dried up in China.
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S&P Global warns the global coronavirus spread may paralyze apparel supply chain for months - Although clothing companies have a large exposure to China, they have so far managed to limit the impact, industry observers say. Even before COVID-19 struck China, many businesses were shifting manufacturing to Vietnam, Cambodia and Bangladesh due to rising labor costs and uncertainty around the U.S.-China trade war. The problem is that these new manufacturers are still reliant on a large percentage of their raw materials coming from China (in Vietnam's case it's more than 50%). Hong Kong-listed Lever Style Corp., which manufactures for brands including Paul Smith and Hugo Boss, has set up a major production base in Vietnam. Executive Chairman Stanley Szeto said in an interview that although their factories have yet to experience any meaningful delays, it is not easy to find supply alternatives beyond China for factories that are based in Southeast Asia. "There may be a gradual shift in the supply chain. That gradual is going to be very gradual," said Szeto, adding that while raw materials from China are not necessarily more price competitive, the country's scale, capacity and fast turnover is unmatched by any alternatives.
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Workers in Cambodia and Myanmar feel coronavirus fall-out - Just-style.com (Link) says that material shortages caused by the China shutdown last month have begun impacting garment manufacturers in the two countries with one source claiming that 5,000 workers have already lost their jobs. Cambodian factories who have suspended operations are obliged to pay workers 60% of the minimum wage, and the Cambodian government has offered affected employers to pay 20% of that. During the suspension, workers are to receive training conducted by the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training.
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India: Coronavirus causing severe disruption in supply chain, logistics - The Week (weekly magazine in India) says (link) that whilst many Indian firms will have had a good supply of stock to last them over the normal outages associated with the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday period, these stocks are now running out with a report by Kotak Securities highlighting likely impacts to the automotive, consumer durables and certain non-durables sectors. The report says that the prolonged shutdown of manufacturing units in China will also limit the availability of key components for automobile OEMs as well as spare-parts in replacement markets, consumer durable companies (refrigerators, washing-machine, electrical appliances) and non-durables like adhesives, paints and the like.
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As input disruptions loom, Indian Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal calls for industries to meet - the Hindu business line (owned by The Hindu newspaper) quotes the minister as saying that the threat of input supply disruption from China is becoming very real for pharmaceutical, electronics and automobile industries due to the coronavirus-induced shutdown of factories in China. Indian Missions abroad as a result have been asked to explore the possibility of sourcing raw material for Indian production in their respective countries. The minister mentioned that the sectors hurt by the coronavirus should be present at the meeting so that there is a better idea of the extent to which they are getting impacted. Simultaneously, the Commerce Ministry has been identifying items where Indian manufacturers can increase their production to step up exports for filling the supply gaps left by Chinese exporters.
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Good news section
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Major UK supermarket chain Morrisons moves to support supply chain through coronavirus outbreak - CityAM (a UK business newspaper) says Link that the supermarket has decided to make immediate payments to smaller businesses and re-classify suppliers to help 1,000 more firms as it moves to protect its supply chain from the impact of coronavirus. The grocer will also temporarily scrap its 14 day payment terms and pay small suppliers as soon as an invoice is received.

agences -e-reputation: mister auto 2019
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Mister-Auto est une entreprise française de commerce électronique spécialisée dans la vente de pièces détachées automobiles. Son siège social est situé à Villeurbanne. La société dispose d’un entrepôt de stockage et de chaîne d’expédition de 13 000 m2 à Corbas6.
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agences -e-reputation notre rôle et nos actions au cours de cet évènement
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Pour comprendre les attentes de nos clients et comprendre leur marché et leur difficulté nous nous devons d’être au plus proche d’eux et de leur équipe.
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Travailler au plus proche des équipes nous permets ainsi de délivrer une prestation plus efficace et ainsi mettre en place les stratégies et les outils les plus adaptés à leur marché.
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Dans le cas présent nous avons pu échanger avec les responsables de la marque directement.
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Notre agences e reputation utilise tout type d’outils pour développer modifier et influer sur la reputation en ligne de nos clients. A de multiples occasions nous sommes et nous avons été amenés à travailler avec plusieurs grandes marques dans différents secteurs d’activités et mettons à la disposition de nos clients nos outils pour atteindre les objectifs fixés par notre clientèle.
https://www.agences-e-reputation.f2020/03/25/agences-e-reputation-mister-auto-2019/

Oklahoma City's event list.

Wednesday, Oct 2nd

• ♪ AHI (The Blue Door - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 8:00pm
• 🎓 Alzheimer's Foundation of America's National Educating America Tour Comes to (Renaissance Waterford Hotel - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 9:30am The Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA)’s national Educating America National Tour, featuring AFA’s free Concepts in Care educational…
• 🍴 Anthem Drown Night! (HiLo Club - Oklahoma City) Our local friends at Anthem Brewing Co. have some great beers! Every Wednesday night from 9pm to close enjoy $8 Drown Night! Their Power Pils will be…
• Art Show at DNA Galleries (Plaza District - Oklahoma City) Thru Sun, Oct 6th Start Time: 6:00pm
• Bi-Weekly Meetup (51st st. Speakeasy - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 5:00pm
• ♪ Blackberry Smoke (Diamond Ballroom - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 7:30pm Special Guest The Record Company October 2nd / 6:30pm Doors This is a rescheduled date - if you are holding tickets to Blackberry Smoke's postponed…
• Chamber Ambassador Meeting (Del City Chamber of Commerce - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 8:30am
• 🎓 Coffee With A Cop (Guthrie Library - Guthrie) Start Time: 9:00am This event is an opportunity for citizens to meet and engage with officers. There is no agenda or speeches, just a chance to get to know the officers…
• 😂 Darren Carter (Loony Bin Comedy Club - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 5th
• 🍴 Dope Poetry Night (ICE Event Center - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 7:30pm Every Wednesday night at the Ice Event Center Sports Bar and Grill located at the heart of Oklahoma City! Sign ups begin at 7pm and show begins at…
• Flu Shot Clinic (Edmond) Start Time: 10:00am Passport Health of Oklahoma and UCO Nursing Students will behere to administer flu shots. High dose shot for 65 and over, regular dose for under 65.…
• The FreshmanTour Pop Up & Concert: Doordash, Cup Noodles, Visible, Fuse TV (Oklahoma Memorial Union, Meecham Auditorium - Norman) Start Time: 2:00pm The #FreshmanTour is taking over Oklahoma University on Oct. 2nd with a one-day concert & pop up shop! Here are the deets: POP UP SHOP: 2pm - 7pm…
• 🎨 High School Open Figure Drawing Night (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Start Time: 6:00pm
• 😂 Improv 321 (Chickasha) Start Time: 7:00pm The ministry of 321 Improv is to use comedy to spread a message of true joy that can only come from a personal relationship with Jesus Christ." 321…
• The Matchsellers' Bluegrastronauts // Brad Fielder // The Deli (The Deli - Norman) Start Time: 10:00pm 10 pm October 2 @[112865642083516:274:The Deli] Norman, OK $5 21+ @[275208342614024:274:The Matchsellers]…
• 🎓 Media Ethics Conference (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Start Time: 10:00am
• SINGO Wednesdays (Lower Bricktown - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 6:30pm Beat the midweek hump with the new bar game that everyone is talking about! SINGO is a new and exciting musical spin on the traditional game of…
• 🏃 Tai Chi and SAIL Classes Stay Active & Independent for Life: Wednesdays and Fridays (Edmond Senior Center - Edmond) Start Time: 1:30pm Come join us for these free exercise programs. Tai Chi class is one of the most effective exercises for the health of mind and body. SAIL (STAYING…
• 🎓 TCAA Workshop: Scroll Layout & Design with Sam Alfano (Western Heritage Museum - Oklahoma City) Day 1 of 2 Start Time: 9:00am
• 🎨 UCO Art Open Draw (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Start Time: 6:00pm Open to all high school students interested in drawing. Get creative with UCO Art faculty and students for a session figure drawing. Paper, pencils,…
• 🎓 UCO Dance Shadow Day (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Start Time: 8:30am Spend a day in the life of a UCO Dance Major! Participate in University dance classes, tour the campus, meet UCO dance faculty/students and more!…
• 🎓 WDAA World Show 2019 (Lazy E Arena - Guthrie) Thru Fri, Oct 4th Start Time: 7:00am 2019 Western Dressage World Championship Show Information: WDAA is very proud to announce that we will continue our excellent partnership with the…

Thursday, Oct 3rd

• 🎓 4th Annual International Gender and Sexuality Studies Conference (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Join us for one of the largest International conferences about Gender and Sexuality in the World. October 3-5 at the University of Central Oklahoma…
• Art Show at DNA Galleries (Plaza District - Oklahoma City) Thru Sun, Oct 6th Start Time: 6:00pm
• 😂 Darren Carter (Loony Bin Comedy Club - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 5th
• Hispanic Heritage Month: Cocina Festiva (Norman Public Library - Norman) Start Time: 6:00pm Este divertido programa de cocina interactiva le dará ideas para simplificar deliciosas comidas favoritas utilizando un InstaPot o una freidora. Se…
• Oklahoma City Improv Festival (The Venue - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 5th Head to the Plaza District for a weekend of surprises and laughs during the Oklahoma City Improv Festival. Troupes from…
• 🏃 Koda CrossFit at Together Square (Myriad Botanical Gardens - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 5:45pm Thursdays 5:45-6:45pm September 5–November 21, 2019 $5 per person, pay upon arrival All levels Bring water Together Square is the perfect spot to…
• 🎡 Linear Symmetry and Ryan Viser w/Olympus Mons (The Deli - Norman) Start Time: 10:00pm @[570217156407767:274:Tikkun Olam Productions] presents: @[638539946160231:274:Ryan Viser] (Shreveport,LA) @[127594964073661:274:Linear Symmetry]…
• 😂 Mark Normand - Live In OKC (The Paramount OKC - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 8:00pm
• Max Brallier Book Signing (Best of Books - Edmond) Start Time: 6:00pm We are so excited to welcome children's author Max Brallier to Best of Books! He will sign copies of his new book, The Last Kids on Earth and the…
• Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival (Cottonwood Flats Recreation Area - Guthrie) Thru Sat, Oct 5th Join the friendly residents of Guthrie for Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival, an annual three-day festival…
• 🎓 OTA Encyclomedia (Cox Convention Center - Oklahoma City) Day 1 of 2 Start Time: 10:04am The 2019 Oklahoma Technology Association Encyclomedia comes to Cox Convention Center October 3rd and 4th, 2019!
• Preserve Your Herbs! (Norman Public Library - Norman) Start Time: 6:30pm Adults, learn how to preserve your own fresh herbs! Join us as a horticulture educator from the OSU Extension Office comes and shares information…
• Shawnee Fall Book Sale (Norman Public Library - Norman) Day 1 of 2 Start Time: 7:00pm Join us for our Fall Book Sale, sponsored by the Friends of the Library! We'll have thousands of books for all ages at low prices. All proceeds…
• 🎭 Something Shakespeare This Way Comes (The Depot - Norman) Start Time: 8:00pm 3 performances - October 3, 4, & 5; 8pm @[65465708711:274:The Depot]. Tickets $10 @the door ($5 with a current high school or college id!) The…
• 🎓 TCAA Workshop: Scroll Layout & Design with Sam Alfano (Western Heritage Museum - Oklahoma City) Day 2 of 2 Start Time: 9:00am
• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• TroyBoi in Concert (Tower Theatre Studio - Oklahoma City) Hear one of South East London's best-kept hip-hop secrets as TroyBoi takes the Tower Theatre stage in Oklahoma City.…
• Virgil Donati (89th Street Collective - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 6:00pm Virgil Donati live in Oklahoma City This show is all ages. Tickets are $20 in advance at ticketstorm.com, charge by phone 18669661777, purchase hard…
• 🎓 WDAA World Show 2019 (Lazy E Arena - Guthrie) 1 day left Start Time: 7:00am 2019 Western Dressage World Championship Show Information: WDAA is very proud to announce that we will continue our excellent partnership with the…

Friday, Oct 4th

• ARTonTAP (Oklahoma City Museum of Art - Oklahoma City) Once a year, Art on Tap brings community members together over beer, food and art. Dress up and head to the Oklahoma…
• 🎨 ART ON TAP: 16th Anniversary (Oklahoma City Museum of Art - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 7:00pm Help support OKCMOA’s special programs and exhibitions with one of the best beer tasting events in OKC. Featuring over 80 varieties of beer, food…
• Art Show at DNA Galleries (Plaza District - Oklahoma City) Thru Sun, Oct 6th Start Time: 6:00pm
• 🏆 Central OK: University of Central Oklahoma Women's Soccer vs Fort Hays State (Edmond) Start Time: 7:00pm University of Central Oklahoma Women's Soccer vs Fort Hays State https://www.bronchosports.com/calendar.aspx?id=6410
• 🏆 Central OK: University of Central Oklahoma Women's Volleyball vs Emporia State (Edmond) Start Time: 6:00pm University of Central Oklahoma Women's Volleyball vs Emporia State https://www.bronchosports.com/calendar.aspx?id=6384
• Chris Stapleton in Concert (Tower Theatre Studio - Oklahoma City) Head to Oklahoma City's Chesapeake Energy Arena to hear Chris Stapleton perform hits from his All American Road Show…
• 😂 Darren Carter (Loony Bin Comedy Club - Oklahoma City) 1 day left
• 🎡 Day Out with Thomas (Oklahoma Railway Museum - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 12:20pm
• 🎡 Day Out with Thomas (Oklahoma Railway Museum - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 2:00pm
• 🎡 Day Out with Thomas (Oklahoma Railway Museum - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 4:30pm
• DelQuest Committee Meeting (Don's Alley - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 8:00am
• EdFest (Festival Marketplace - Edmond) Local flavor is the name of the game at EdFest in Edmond. Come out to this street festival featuring local food trucks,…
• 🎓 EdFest presented by Edmond Mobile Meals (Festival Marketplace - Edmond) Start Time: 6:00pm EdFest is a street festival featuring local food trucks, a local beer tasting, wine tasting, a live band, a KidsZone, silent auction and more!…
• First Capital Quilters Guild Quilt Show (Logan County Fairgrounds - Guthrie) Day 1 of 2 Discover the joy of quilting at the First Capital Quilters Guild Quilt Show. This year's theme is…
• First Friday Gallery Walk (Paseo Arts District - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 6:00pm The First Friday Gallery Walk in the Paseo Arts District occurs on the first Friday of every month. Friday night visitors…
• 🎨 Imagining Madness: The Writing on Van Gogh’s Mental Health (Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art - Norman) Start Time: 7:00pm Saxon Lecture Imagining Madness: The Writing on Van Gogh’s Mental Health Guest Speaker: Anna Gruetzner Robins, Professor Emeritus, University of…
• Oklahoma City Improv Festival (The Venue - Oklahoma City) 1 day left Head to the Plaza District for a weekend of surprises and laughs during the Oklahoma City Improv Festival. Troupes from…
• Josh Abbott Band in Concert (Riverwind Casino - Norman) Start Time: 7:00pm Texas country act the Josh Abbott Band ventures north of the Red River for a show at Riverwind Casino. Get ready to have fun…
• Judah & the Lion in Concert (The Jones Assembly - Oklahoma City) Don't miss alternative band Judah & the Lion live at The Jones Assembly. This Nashville-bred group is stopping in…
• 🎓 Money Smart Date Night (Norman Public Library - Norman) Start Time: 5:30pm Join us for a couples-only date night while you learn more about your money personality and how this influences your financial decisions. You'll…
• Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival (Cottonwood Flats Recreation Area - Guthrie) 1 day left Join the friendly residents of Guthrie for Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival, an annual three-day festival…
• Oklahoma Regatta Festival (Boathouse District - Oklahoma City) Thru Sun, Oct 6th Join the celebration of rowing, kayaking, dragon boating and stand-up paddle boarding at the Oklahoma Regatta Festival. This…
• 🎓 OTA Encyclomedia (Cox Convention Center - Oklahoma City) Day 2 of 2 Start Time: 10:04am The 2019 Oklahoma Technology Association Encyclomedia comes to Cox Convention Center October 3rd and 4th, 2019!
• 🎨 Outdoor Movie Series - Hocus Pocus (Firehouse Arts Center - Norman) Start Time: 6:00pm After moving to Salem, Mass., teenager Max Dennison (Omri Katz) explores an abandoned house with his sister Dani (Thora Birch) and their new friend,…
• Quilting Harvest Quilt Show (Logan County Fairgrounds - Guthrie) Day 1 of 2 Come see more than 150 quilts on display along with a variety of demonstrations and craft vendors at the Quilting…
• RATT in Concert (Grand Casino Hotel & Resort - Shawnee) Get ready to RATT and roll as this American glam metal group plays live onstage at Grand Casino Hotel & Resort in…
• Rock Island Arts Festival (Rock Island Depot - Chickasha) Thru Sun, Oct 6th The Rock Island Arts Festival, held annually at the Chickasha train depot, features fine art displays, live music,…
• Shawnee Fall Book Sale (Norman Public Library - Norman) Day 2 of 2 Start Time: 7:00pm Join us for our Fall Book Sale, sponsored by the Friends of the Library! We'll have thousands of books for all ages at low prices. All proceeds…
• Skirvin Jazz Club (Skirvin Hilton - Oklahoma City) The Skirvin Hilton transforms into the Skirvin Jazz Club on Friday nights. Guests are invited to attend this immersive live…
• 🏃 Tai Chi and SAIL Classes Stay Active & Independent for Life: Wednesdays and Fridays (Edmond Senior Center - Edmond) Start Time: 1:30pm Come join us for these free exercise programs. Tai Chi class is one of the most effective exercises for the health of mind and body. SAIL (STAYING…
• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• Thomas the Tank Engine Comes to (Oklahoma Railway Museum - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 8:00am All aboard! Thomas the Tank Engine invites little engineers to go full steam ahead for a day of engaging activities and fun adventures at Day Out…
• TokenCon: The Oklahoma Board Game Convention (Wyndham Garden Oklahoma City Airport - Oklahoma City) Thru Sun, Oct 6th Gaming enthusiasts are invited to attend the annual TokenCon, featuring the latest board game releases and a series of…
• Traditional Cowboy Arts Exhibition & Sale (National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum - Oklahoma City) Day 1 of 2 Take part in a major event in the fine art world as the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum hosts the…
• Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn (El Reno) Thru Sat, Oct 26th El Reno's Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn challenges you to withstand the frightening fun they have planned this…
• 🎓 UCO Musical Theatre Shadow Day (University of Central Oklahoma - Edmond) Start Time: 9:30am Take an inside look at our UCO Musical Theatre program. Meet current faculty and students, tour the UCO campus, and audition to be part of the…
• ♪ Understanding Eris Void Earth EP Release Show (89th Street Collective - Oklahoma City) Start Time: 6:30pm Come out 10/4/19 and get down with us as we officially release “Void Earth”! WITH SPECIAL GUESTS: @[1165794193457508:274:Lilac Kings]…
• Waterfall Festival (Moore Central Park - Moore) Day 1 of 2 The annual Waterfall Festival in Moore invites guests to stroll through beautiful water garden displays while enjoying…
• 🎓 WDAA World Show 2019 (Lazy E Arena - Guthrie) Last Day Start Time: 7:00am 2019 Western Dressage World Championship Show Information: WDAA is very proud to announce that we will continue our excellent partnership with the…
• Lexington Zombie Farm (Lexington) Thru Sat, Nov 2nd Can you survive a walk through the Lexington Zombie Farm? Get ready to encounter things that go bump in the night, as well…

Saturday, Oct 5th

• Art Show at DNA Galleries (Plaza District - Oklahoma City) 1 day left Start Time: 6:00pm
• 😂 Darren Carter (Loony Bin Comedy Club - Oklahoma City) Last Day
• 🏃 DC Dash (Mitch Park - Edmond) This event will benefit the Holy Trinity Lutheran School 5th Grade Class of 2020. Proceeds will help fund the class trip to Washington, D.C.…
• 🏃 Down Syndrome Festival & 5K (Myriad Gardens Water Stage - Oklahoma City) Bringing awareness to the 21st chromosome! This year we expect attendance to exceed 6000! This event is the major, annual fundraising event for the…
• Fiestas de las Americas (Calle Dos Cinco - Oklahoma City) Head to Historic Capitol Hill for the annual Fiestas de las Americas. At this multicultural festival,…
• First Capital Quilters Guild Quilt Show (Logan County Fairgrounds - Guthrie) Day 2 of 2 Discover the joy of quilting at the First Capital Quilters Guild Quilt Show. This year's theme is…
• Heritage Hills Historic Home Tour (Overholser Mansion - Oklahoma City) Day 1 of 2 The Heritage Hills Historic Home Tour has been a staple Oklahoma City fall activity for over 50 years and provides a unique…
• Oklahoma City Improv Festival (The Venue - Oklahoma City) Last Day Head to the Plaza District for a weekend of surprises and laughs during the Oklahoma City Improv Festival. Troupes from…
• Market in the Park & Pigs in the Park BBQ Competition (Harrah Heritage Park - Harrah) The annual Market in the Park in Harrah features a wide variety of arts and crafts, delicious barbecue and great live music.…
• Mid-America Street Fest (Charles J. Johnson Central Park Town Center - Midwest City) Come enjoy live entertainment, contests, vendors and much more at the Mid-America Street Fest in Midwest City. Held in…
• OKC Gun Show (Oklahoma State Fair Park - Oklahoma City) Day 1 of 2 For a high quality gun show with great prices and selection, visit the OKC Gun Show in Oklahoma City. Held at Oklahoma State…
• 🏃 OKC River Run 5K/10K (Wiley Post Park - Oklahoma City) USATF certified 5K/10K along the smooth, paved trails of the Oklahoma River. 100% of race registration fees will go to Rett Syndrome research. Run…
• OKC River Run 5K & 10K (Wiley Post Park - Oklahoma City) Head out to Wiley Post Park in Oklahoma City for the OKC River Run. Held on the Oklahoma River Trails, this half marathon,…
• Oklahoma Cross Country Racing Association Round 12 Race (Sundog Trails - Lexington) Day 1 of 2 Grab your bikes and head to Lexington for a weekend of thrilling cross-country racing at the Heart of Oklahoma XC…
• Oklahoma Czech Festival (Czech Hall - Yukon) The Oklahoma Czech Festival in Yukon is the largest outdoor free festival in Oklahoma. This beloved annual event promotes…
• Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival (Cottonwood Flats Recreation Area - Guthrie) Last Day Join the friendly residents of Guthrie for Oklahoma's International Bluegrass Festival, an annual three-day festival…
• Oklahoma Regatta Festival (Boathouse District - Oklahoma City) 1 day left Join the celebration of rowing, kayaking, dragon boating and stand-up paddle boarding at the Oklahoma Regatta Festival. This…
• Old Timers Day & Rodeo (Jones) Make your way to downtown Jones to enjoy the annual Old Timers Day celebration. Head out bright and early Saturday…
• Pets on Paseo (Paseo Arts District - Oklahoma City) Bring your pup out to have a ball during the Pets on Paseo event in Oklahoma City. Coinciding with the Paseo…
• Planes, Trains & Automobiles (Shawnee Regional Airport - Shawnee) Planes, Trains & Automobiles in Shawnee is a unique event combining everything from helicopter rides to tours on a real…
• Quilting Harvest Quilt Show (Logan County Fairgrounds - Guthrie) Day 2 of 2 Come see more than 150 quilts on display along with a variety of demonstrations and craft vendors at the Quilting…
• Rock Island Arts Festival (Rock Island Depot - Chickasha) 1 day left The Rock Island Arts Festival, held annually at the Chickasha train depot, features fine art displays, live music,…
• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• TokenCon: The Oklahoma Board Game Convention (Wyndham Garden Oklahoma City Airport - Oklahoma City) 1 day left Gaming enthusiasts are invited to attend the annual TokenCon, featuring the latest board game releases and a series of…
• Touch a Truck (Cleveland County Fairgrounds - Norman) Norman's Pioneer Library System invites families to bring their children to the Cleveland County Fairgrounds to see some…
• Traditional Cowboy Arts Exhibition & Sale (National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum - Oklahoma City) Day 2 of 2 Take part in a major event in the fine art world as the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum hosts the…
• Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn (El Reno) Thru Sat, Oct 26th El Reno's Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn challenges you to withstand the frightening fun they have planned this…
• The Voyage (Civic Center Music Hall - Oklahoma City) Led by Conductor Alexander Mickelthwate, the Oklahoma City Philharmonic presents: The Voyage will showcase five works…
• Wanderlust Pop-Up Shops (Oklahoma City) Come down to the Wheeler Ferris Wheel in OKC and browse local wares at the Wanderlust Pop-Up Shops. The vendors at this…
• Waterfall Festival (Moore Central Park - Moore) Day 2 of 2 The annual Waterfall Festival in Moore invites guests to stroll through beautiful water garden displays while enjoying…
• Lexington Zombie Farm (Lexington) Thru Sat, Nov 2nd Can you survive a walk through the Lexington Zombie Farm? Get ready to encounter things that go bump in the night, as well…

Sunday, Oct 6th

• Art Show at DNA Galleries (Plaza District - Oklahoma City) Last Day Start Time: 6:00pm
• Carter Sampson in Concert (The Blue Door - Oklahoma City) Hear the self-penned "Queen of Oklahoma" live as Carter Sampson performs her latest music at The Blue Door in…
• 🏃 Chisholm Trail Triathlon (Lake El Reno - El Reno) The Chisholm Trail Triathlon was started with the idea in mind of having a late season race for Tri-OKC members, open participants, and the college…
• Groovefest (Andrews Park - Norman) Founded in 1986 by the OU Chapter for Amnesty International, Groovefest in Norman is a human rights music festival promoting…
• Heritage Hills Historic Home Tour (Overholser Mansion - Oklahoma City) Day 2 of 2 The Heritage Hills Historic Home Tour has been a staple Oklahoma City fall activity for over 50 years and provides a unique…
• OKC Gun Show (Oklahoma State Fair Park - Oklahoma City) Day 2 of 2 For a high quality gun show with great prices and selection, visit the OKC Gun Show in Oklahoma City. Held at Oklahoma State…
• Oklahoma Cross Country Racing Association Round 12 Race (Sundog Trails - Lexington) Day 2 of 2 Grab your bikes and head to Lexington for a weekend of thrilling cross-country racing at the Heart of Oklahoma XC…
• Oklahoma Fall Bridal Show (Nigh University Center - Edmond) Meet Oklahoma's best wedding professionals at the Oklahoma Fall Bridal Show in Edmond. See spectacular fashions,…
• Oklahoma Regatta Festival (Boathouse District - Oklahoma City) Last Day Join the celebration of rowing, kayaking, dragon boating and stand-up paddle boarding at the Oklahoma Regatta Festival. This…
• Rock Island Arts Festival (Rock Island Depot - Chickasha) Last Day The Rock Island Arts Festival, held annually at the Chickasha train depot, features fine art displays, live music,…
• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• TokenCon: The Oklahoma Board Game Convention (Wyndham Garden Oklahoma City Airport - Oklahoma City) Last Day Gaming enthusiasts are invited to attend the annual TokenCon, featuring the latest board game releases and a series of…
• Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn (El Reno) Thru Sat, Oct 26th El Reno's Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn challenges you to withstand the frightening fun they have planned this…
• 🏃 Triathlon: Oklahoma Senior Games (Lake El Reno - El Reno) In conjunction with The Triathlon Club of Oklahoma City’s Chisholm Trail Sprint Triathlon At Lake El Reno: 2000 Babcock Drive, El Reno, OK 73036…
• Lexington Zombie Farm (Lexington) Thru Sat, Nov 2nd Can you survive a walk through the Lexington Zombie Farm? Get ready to encounter things that go bump in the night, as well…

Monday, Oct 7th

• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn (El Reno) Thru Sat, Oct 26th El Reno's Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn challenges you to withstand the frightening fun they have planned this…
• Lexington Zombie Farm (Lexington) Thru Sat, Nov 2nd Can you survive a walk through the Lexington Zombie Farm? Get ready to encounter things that go bump in the night, as well…

Tuesday, Oct 8th

• Cold War Kids in Concert (The Jones Assembly - Oklahoma City) Hear hit-making indie rock band Cold War Kids live at The Jones Assembly in Oklahoma City. First gripping audiences in…
• Nyle DiMarco (University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma - Chickasha) Nyle DiMarco, deaf rights advocate, 2015 winner of America’s Next Top Model and 2016 winner of Dancing with the Stars…
• The Tempest (Paseo - Oklahoma City) Thru Sat, Oct 26th Shakespeare on the Paseo presents: The Tempest tells a captivating story of a man left on a distant island in isolation.…
• Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn (El Reno) Thru Sat, Oct 26th El Reno's Trail of Terror & Haunted Barn challenges you to withstand the frightening fun they have planned this…
• Lexington Zombie Farm (Lexington) Thru Sat, Nov 2nd Can you survive a walk through the Lexington Zombie Farm? Get ready to encounter things that go bump in the night, as well…

See Also

• OK Gamers
• Techlahoma

Partnerships/Collaborations

PricewaterhouseCoopers

• PricewaterhourseCoopers (PwC), is one of the “Big Four” tax and accounting companies employing nearly 250,000 people across the globe, as well as one of VeChain's largest partners, and intend to integrate VeChain's platform & services into their infrastructure. PwC was actually the first Fortune 500 company to buy VEN.

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DNV GL

• DNV GL will use VeChain's platform ("Blockchain X") to improve the transparency of product and supplier information, significantly increasing the efficiency of supply chains. DNV GL was the first company to report ownership of an Authority Masternode.

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Renault + Microsoft

• Renault is a multinational automobile manufacturer with countless subsidiaries, the most notable one being Nissan. VeChain collaborated with Microsoft (Azure) on a blockchain-based digital car maintenance book for Renault back in 2016.

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Direct Imported Goods (D.I.G.)

• VeChain's first hardware-inclusive use case was wine traceability. D.I.G, China' largest wine importer (oversees 30% of China's wine), has been using VeChain for some time to allow consumers to not only just verify the authenticity of their wine, but also trace the bottle, from their hand, all the way back to the grape.

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Kuehne & Nagel

• Accounting for 10% of the “world’s air and sea freight business,” K&N is the world’s largest freight company (yearly revenue of almost $21 billion). They will be using VeChain's technology to "smartify" parcels and assets, especially luxury goods, by furnishing them with a chip containing a private key that reflects ownership information on the blockchain.

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HyperLedger Project

• The Hyperledger Project, led by the Linux Foundation and aimed at the development of an open-source, enterprise-grade blockchain, announced the addition of VeChain in 2016.

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BABYGHOST

• Independent fashion label BABYGHOST has been using VeChain's hardware & blockchain services to improve the transparency, traceability, and authenticity of their clothing lines, since spring of 2017.

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Shanghai Unicom

• Shanghai Unicom will combine VeChain's solutions with customers' commercial applications to help enterprise users improve supply chain management efficiency.

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MadeForGoods

• MadeForGoods will use VeChain to provide more enterprises with better product traceability and anti-counterfeiting traceability services.

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Jiangsu Printed Electronics Co., Ltd

• One of the core partners for developing VeChain's hardware, Jiangsu signed an agreement with VeChain in 2017, and the two continue cooperation in exploring, discovering, and executing solutions within blockchain-centric IoT equipment today.

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Xiamen Innov Information Technology Co. LTD

• Xiamen (high end RFID developer) will be joining forces with VeChain to provide their patented technology, configuring it to be compatible with the blockchain.

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Healthcare Co. Ltd (Mlily)

• Mlily will be utilizing VeChain Thor for Proof of Origin, Proof of Authenticity and Supply chain management. It is estimated that this project will add at least 20 million RFID chips every year for the next five years (blockchain data entry points) on chain.

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BitOcean

• BitOcean is an ATM solution selling cryptocurrencies nationwide across both China and Japan. Licensed by Japan’s Financial Services Authority (FSA), BitOcean is committing to buy and sell VET with their physical ATMs using Japanese Yen, as well as growing VeChain alongside BitOcean’s global expansion.
  
• BitOcean's CEO is also one of VeChain's advisors, and the company will be holding one of VeChain's first ICO's.
  

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Hubei Sanxin Cultural Media Ltd.

• Hubei & VeChain aim to develop a series of solutions using VeChain Thor blockchain technologies for the proof of origin, supply chain management and the accounting of digital publication / digital books distributed by Hubei Sanxin Cultural Media Ltd.

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Fanghuwang

• A relatively new lender with a focus on SME property mortgage loans, Fanghuwang plans to use VeChain to make collecting and managing client data more efficient, as well as eliminate most points of failure (error).

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iTaotaoke

• iTaotaoke is a company that aims to provide an open platform where both self-publishers and content providers can build their knowledge sharing workshops as well as monetizes their content.
  
• iTaotaoke utilizes VeChain Thor to digitally identify every piece of content or media created as released by content providers, safeguarding and securing intellectual property rights of their entire user base.
  

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Michigan State University

• " VeChain welcomes Michigan State University as the first VeResearch partner. Michigan State has worked with VeChain for a while and introduced a technology entitled “EdgeChain” that combines MEC and VeChain Thor to enable new data marketplace opportunities for the VeChain Ecosystem."
  
• "Michigan State University is ranked #1 in the world for Supply Chain Management six years in a row by U.S News & World Report."
  

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Yida Group

• VeChain signs a deal with Yida Group’s IT Management division, Yida Future to build VeChain Thor solutions for the company.
  
• Yida Group is a prominent (7th in China) master-planned zone real estate developer who developed and owned assets including smart cities such as B.E.S.T. City and smart industrial parks such as Dalian Software Park, and 20+ master planned areas.
  

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LogSafer

• A leading supply chain risk management and a major logistics insurance platform in China with over 2,500 corporate clients, LogSafer will work with VeChain to integrate big data and Internet of Things technology into existing and future solutions.

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188 Business Alliance Association

• 188 Business Alliance Association is composed of hundreds of ethnic Chinese individuals who own and operate small and medium sized businesses in Australia.
  
• VeChain has signed with 188 BAA to effectively manage their centers using VeChain IoT applications.
  
• 188 BAA Logistical Centers will circulate meats, dairy, wool, textile, and even mineral ores from mining and precious metals.
  

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InfoCorp’s Sentinel Chain

• Sentinel Chain is a blockchain-based international marketplace for cross-border financial services and the world’s first platform to accept the use of livestock as collateral.
  
• VeChain will integrate with Sentinel Chain to publish livestock provenance data on to VeChain’s public blockchain platform.
  

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NRCC & China National Tobacco Corporation

• Under the guidance of DNV GL, VeChain has signed an exclusive strategic partnership agreement with NRCC to develop and implement blockchain related solutions across their business network.
  
• This includes (but is not limited to) solutions for China’s tobacco industry via their partnerships with the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration and the China National Tobacco Corporation.
  
• The other focus of this partnership is more long term strategic and significantly more disruptive.
  

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Gui'an

• Gui’an, located next to Guiyang, the capital city of Guizhou Province of China, is to set a pilot program for all of China for true Smart-City development
  
• VeChain is mandated to be the blockchain technology partner of the government of Gui’an to plan, design and implement such processes.
  

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Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences

• The VeChain IoT team has co-operated with Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences and developed a cloud platform for intelligent agriculture.

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Shanghai eGrid Consulting Co., LTD

• VeChain’s existing automobile solution will be integrated into its current automobile ERP, SCM, and CRM solutions.
  
• The partnership also extends into use of VeChainThor to leverage the nature of the blockchain throughout their business model.
  

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Smart Corelink Co. 芯联 (CoreLink)

• As a strategic partner with Aliyun, Alibaba’s global cloud computing subsidiary, Smart Corelink offers hardware supply chain services, application software development services, cloud platform software services, cloud computing partners, and communications operator partners to their clients.
  
• Xiamen Innov, Corelink, and VeChain have finished the collaborative development of the first version of an enterprise level dApp that will combine IoT technologies, blockchain, AI, and cloud technologies to help enterprises to track physical assets, inventories, and corresponding outputted data.
  

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INPI ASIA

• INPI ASIA is a company that provides a fundamental revolution in digital identification by utilizing an unprecedented combination of nanotechnology, secured digital technology and photonics technology creating a new type of digital identification solution.
  
• When appropriately used, INIPI ASIA can disrupt the current dynamic of the RFID/NFC/QR Code dominant market. This new solution is called NDCode™.
  
• This partnership ensures the history and origin of a product utilizing this innovative nanotechnology cannot be altered, and corresponding data entries can be verified via the VeChainThor Blockchain.
  

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Bright Foods

• Bright Food is a global company operating 93 different Chinese domestic and foreign subsidiaries with four publicly listed companies in which is estimated to bring in ￥160 billion RMB (~$25.3 billion).
  
• This deal integrates VeChainThor Blockchain throughout Bright Food’s entire supply chain management and data management systems, in which they control the entire lifecycle of their product lines from crop to retail.
  

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Lingang International Manufacturing Exhibition Trading Center

• This center is owned by Shanghai Lingang Economic Development (Group) Co., Ltd. (estimated revenue of $1.154 Trillion).
  
• This partnership enables VeChain to be continuously featured in the technology trading platform showcasing the technological innovations backed by the Eastern China Tech Transfer Center and the government of Shanghai Lingang.
  

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Shanghai Wine and Liquor Blockchain Alliance

• Under the direct guidance of two government bodies — Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce and Shanghai Liquor Monopoly Administration — VeChain, DNV GL, D.I.G., the Business Information Center of Shanghai, and eight other government bureaus/enterprises formed the Shanghai Wine and Liquor Blockchain Alliance to further the cause of China’s national strategy “to complete product quality traceability system by 2020.”

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Indo Teknologi Persada (ITP(INPI ASIA))'s deal with government of Jakarta, Capitol of Indonesia

• INPI ASIA's Indonesian devision, has partnered to provide a solution linking paper documents with digital security; thanks to INPI's nanotechnology, physical documents are unique, cannot be faked, and are digitally stored on VeChain's 'Blockchain X'.
  
• This co-operation will enable the government and private sector to provide the Indonesian population, corporations and authorities the ability to easily validate if a valuable document is authentic.
  

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DB Schenker

• DB Schenker is the transport and logistics division of Deutsche Bahn. With a dense network of over 68,000 logistics experts in 2,000 locations, DB Schenker offers comprehensive supply chain management solutions, efficient air, ocean, rail and land transport as well as contract logistics around the globe.
  
• DB Schenker has developed a supplier evaluation system with VeChainThor platform. This is the first time that a Blockchain has ever been used for supplier management purposes.
  

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Apparently I missed Oxford and Totient
https://medium.com/@vechainofficial/introducing-totient-as-a-partner-pioneering-new-heights-for-the-vechainthor-ecosystem-7d76fd0a1d07
[insert link to Oxford info here later]